Clinical Epidemiology on Nipah Virus Research Library

Global dynamics of a compartmental model to assess the effect of transmission from deceased

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Saumen Barua, Attila Dénes

Year: 2023

Journal: Mathematical Biosciences

Summary#

This paper presents a compartmental model for the spread of a disease with an imperfect vaccine, considering transmission from deceased infected. The global dynamics are analyzed through Lyapunov functions and numerical simulations.

Key Findings#

The importance of transmission from the deceased is assessed for Ebola virus disease, COVID-19, and Nipah fever.

Methodology#

Study Type: Mathematical Model

Topics#

Epidemiology, Compartmental Models, Vaccination, Global Dynamics

Projecting vaccine demand and impact for emerging zoonotic pathogens

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anita Lerch, Quirine A. ten Bosch, Maïna L’Azou Jackson, Alison A. Bettis, Mauro Bernuzzi, Georgina A. V. Murphy, Quan M. Tran, John H. Huber, Amir S. Siraj, Gebbiena M. Bron, Margaret Elliott, Carson S. Hartlage, Sojung Koh, Kathyrn Strimbu, Magdalene Walters, T. Alex Perkins, Sean M. Moore

Year: 2024

Journal: BMC Medicine

DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02405-1

Summary#

The paper develops a modeling framework to assess sustainable vaccine manufacturing needs and potential impact of outbreak response for four priority pathogens: Lassa virus, Nipah virus, MERS coronavirus, and Rift Valley virus.

Optimal control analysis for the Nipah infection with constant and time-varying vaccination and treatment under real data application

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Younas Khan, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Farooq, Basem Al Alwan, Abdul Baseer Saqib

Year: 2024

Journal: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper formulates a mathematical model to analyze the dynamics and optimal control of Nipah virus (NiV). The model considers human-to-human and food-borne transmission, as well as contact with an infected corpse. The paper fits the model to reported cases in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2015, performs sensitivity analysis, and derives necessary optimality conditions.

Global and regional mortality statistics of nipah virus from 1994 to 2023: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Srivatsa Surya Vasudevana, Arun Subashb, Fena Mehtac, Tiba Yamin Kandrikard, Rupak Desaie, Kaif Khan, Sneha Khandujag, Aakanksha Pitliyah, Lekhya Raavii, Sai Gautham Kanagalaj, Piyush Gondaliyak

Year: 2024

Journal: Pathogens and Global Health

DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2380131

Summary#

This paper reports a significant increase in the global mortality rate of Nipah virus from 54.1% (2004–2013) to 80.1% (2014–2023). India has the highest mortality rate at 82.7% (1994–2023), and encephalitis is the primary cause of death.

Observational study on the clinical epidemiology of infectious acute encephalitis syndrome including Nipah virus disease, Bangladesh: BASE cohort study protocol

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Dewan Imtiaz Rahman, Sharmin Sultana, Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Md Wasik Rahman, Laura Merson, Esteban Garcia, Jake Dunning, Josephine Bourner, Shadman Sakib Choudhury, Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury, Khalequ Zaman, Sharful Islam Khan, Mohammad Hasan Tarik, Shahida Yeasmin, Faruk Ahammad, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Md Mahfuzer Rahman, Abu Rayhan Md Suja-Ud-Doula, John D Klena, Christina F Spiropoulou, Trevor R Shoemaker, Sayera Banu, Joel Montgomery, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Tahmina Shirin, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Peter Horby, Piero Olliaro

A Comparative Analysis of Statistical Methods to Estimate the Reproduction Number in Emerging Epidemics, With Implications for the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Megan O’Driscoll, Carole Harry, Christl A. Donnelly, Anne Cori, Ilaria Dorigatti

Year: 2024

Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper compares seven statistical methods to estimate the reproduction number (R0) in emerging epidemics, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic, and finds that most methods overestimate R0 in the early stages of epidemic growth.

Key Findings#

Most statistical methods overestimate R0 in the early stages of epidemic growth
The magnitude of overestimation decreases when fitted to an increasing number of time points

Methodology#

Study Type: Simulation and Empirical Study
Sample Size: Simulated epidemic data and Zika surveillance data from Latin America and the Caribbean
Geographic Focus: Global for simulation, Latin America and the Caribbean for empirical study
Time Period: 2015–2016

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

Predictors of mortality among critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients—a retrospective cohort study, Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anil Sathyadas, Aravind Reghukumar, Thekkumkara Surendran Anish, Gnanaseelan Kanakamma Libu, Vishnu Narayan Kiran, Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan Prajitha, Anisha Sharahudeen, Dhanusha Chandran, Muralidharan Rohini Athirarani, L. Sindhu, Parackalparambil Sukumaran Sona, Thekkumkara Prabhakaran Sreekanth, Sujatha Chintha, Thomas Iype, Muthezhathu Kesavadas Suresh, Kavitha Ravi, K. Rajamohanan, Thomas Mathew, John Panicker, M. K. C. Nair, A. Nizarudeen, Parameswaran Hari

Year: 2025

Journal: Front. Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1635476

Summary#

This paper is a retrospective cohort study identifying predictors of mortality among critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in Kerala, India.

Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Yan-Qun Sun, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Mei-Chen Liu, Jin-Jin Chen, Ting-Ting Li, Yan-Ning Liu

Year: 2024

Journal: Lancet Planet Health

DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00119-0

Summary#

This study maps the distribution of Nipah virus infections using geospatial modeling analysis.

Key Findings#

The study provides a detailed map of Nipah virus infections across China.
The findings highlight areas with high risk for Nipah virus transmission.

Methodology#

Study Type: Geospatial Modelling Analysis
Geographic Focus: China

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Exact calculation of end-of-outbreak probabilities using contact tracing data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: N. V. Bradbury, W. S. Hart, F. A. Lovell-Read, J. A. Polonsky, R. N. Thompson

Year: 2023

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society Interface

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0374

Summary#

This paper presents a method for calculating the exact end-of-outbreak probability using contact tracing data, which can inform public health policymakers about when an infectious disease outbreak has finished.

Key Findings#

The traced transmission method can calculate the end-of-outbreak probability exactly if who-infected-whom data is available (e.g., from contact tracing studies).
Applying the traced transmission method to Ebola virus disease and Nipah virus infection outbreaks would have determined that the outbreak was over earlier than the existing Nishiura method.

Methodology#

Study Type: Theoretical/Modeling

Topics#

Mathematical Modeling, Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Exact calculation of end-of-outbreak probabilities using contact tracing data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: N. V. Bradbury, W. S. Hart, F. A. Lovell-Read, J. A. Polonsky, R. N. Thompson

Year: 2023

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society Interface

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0374

Summary#

This paper presents a new method for calculating the probability that an infectious disease outbreak has ended using contact tracing data.

Key Findings#

The traced transmission method can calculate end-of-outbreak probabilities exactly when who-infected-whom data is available.
Applying the method to Ebola virus disease and Nipah virus infection data shows it would declare the outbreak over earlier than the Nishiura method.

Methodology#

Study Type: Mathematical Modeling
Sample Size: Not specified in the text
Geographic Focus: Not specified in the text
Time Period: Not specified in the text

Topics#

Epidemiology, Mathematical Modeling, Infectious Disease

A systematic review on Nipah virus: global molecular epidemiology and medical countermeasures development

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Foo Hou Tan1,‡, Asif Sukri2,‡, Nuryana Idris1,3, Kien Chai Ong 3,6, Kum Thong Wong 7, Jie Ping Schee3,5, Chong Tin Tan3,5, Soon Hao Tan4, Li Ping Wong, Kok Keng Tee, Li-Yen Chang 1,*

Year: 2024

Journal: Virus Evolution

DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae048

Summary#

This paper conducts a systematic review on the global epidemiology and research advancements of Nipah virus, aiming to identify key knowledge gaps in the literature.

Key Findings#

The majority of the NiV epidemiological studies were conducted in Bangladesh, with significant outbreaks also reported in Malaysia, India, and the Philippines.
Transmission routes vary by country, primarily through pigs in Malaysia, consumption of date palm juice in Bangladesh, and human-to-human in India.
The availability of NiV genome sequences remains limited, particularly from Malaysia and India.
Mortality rates vary according to the country, exceeding 70% in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, and less than 40% in Malaysia.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review
Geographic Focus: Global

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vincent P. Hsu, Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Umesh D. Parashar, Mohammed Monsur Ali, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Charles Rupprecht, Joseph Bresee, Robert F. Breiman

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

Two outbreaks of encephalitis in Meherpur and Naogaon, Bangladesh, occurred in 2001 and 2003. The paper investigates these outbreaks, identifies cases through serum sampling, and suggests that transmission may occur through close contact with other patients or from exposure to a common source.

Ribavirin Therapy for Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Guillaume, Cantamin, Loth, Georges-Courbot, Lefeuvre, Maraianneau, Chua, Lam, Buckland, Deubel, Wild

Year: 2004

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10211.2004

Summary#

This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of ribavirin therapy in treating Nipah virus infection in mice and humans, contradicting a previous statement that ribavirin was ineffective based on limited data.

Key Findings#

In an open-label study, mortality was significantly lower in patients with Nipah virus encephalitis treated with ribavirin compared to controls (32% vs. 54%, P ⫽ 0.011)
Duration of ventilation and total hospital stay were both significantly shorter in the ribavirin group compared to controls (P ⫽ 0.0002 and <0.0001, respectively)

Methodology#

Study Type: Open-label study
Sample Size: 140 patients with Nipah virus encephalitis
Geographic Focus: Malaysia
Time Period: 1998

Topics#

Virology, Clinical

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Babasaheb V Tandale, Rahul Narang, G Vijay Kumar, Manish Jain, Shilpa J Tomar, Pravin S Deshmukh

Year: 2023

Journal: Not specified from text

DOI: S097475591600546

Summary#

This paper discusses changes in the causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in India over the past decade, with a focus on the rise of Nipah virus and other infections like Chandipura, chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile. The paper highlights the importance of the One Health approach and recent advances in diagnostic testing.

Henipavirus Encephalitis: Recent Developments and Advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kien Chai Ong, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2015

Journal: Brain Pathology

DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12278

Summary#

This paper discusses the clinical manifestations and pathological features of Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which cause severe and often fatal outbreaks in humans and animals.

Key Findings#

Both HeV and NiV cause an acute encephalitic syndrome
Pathological features include disseminated, multi-organ vasculopathy and parenchymal cell infection
Both viruses can cause relapsing encephalitis

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Philippines
Time Period: 1990s to present

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Antibody response in symptomatic & asymptomatic Nipah virus cases from Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4388_20

Summary#

The study evaluates antibody response among symptomatic survivors of NiV infection and their asymptomatic contacts identified during 2018 and 2019 NiV outbreaks from Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Anti-NiV IgM was detectable from 5th POD to 27th POD
Anti-NiV IgG was detected for more than one year among symptomatic NiV cases

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational Study
Sample Size: 3 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: (2018 to 2019)

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Advancements in Nipah virus treatment: Analysis of current progress in vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Gayatree Mishra, Vishal Prajapat, Debasis Nayak

Year: 2024

Journal: Immunology

DOI: 10.1111/imm.13695

Summary#

This paper discusses the current progress in NiV-vaccine research and therapeutic options, including mAbs and antiviral medications.

Key Findings#

Several potential vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in animal models
Some of these candidate vaccines have entered further clinical trials
Research has identified a handful of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of neutralizing the virion
Progress in discovering potential antiviral drugs has been limited

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: South-Asian and South-East Asian countries, Africa, and Australia

Topics#

Vaccines, Antivirals, Therapeutics, Nipah virus

'The Bug Stops Here!’ Nipah Encephalitis; Kerala

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2019

Summary#

A case study of a man with Nipah encephalitis presenting with high fever, neurological symptoms, and MRI findings of multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the brain (Starry sky appearance). The patient was treated with Ribavirin, IVIG, and isolation precautions.

Key Findings#

Nipah infection (NiV) recently claimed 17 lives in Kerala Outbreak of May 2018
The patient presented with high grade fever, chills, rigors, fever, conjunctival congestion, drowsiness, dysarthria, severe ataxia, myoclonus, tachycardia, and tachypnea
MRI showed multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and ponto-mesencephalic area with restricted diffusion (Starry sky appearance)
CSF tested positive for NiV on day 2
The patient was started on oral Ribavirin for 11 days

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 1
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May 2018

Topics#

Nipah, Encephalitis, MRI, Ribavirin, Case Study

Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization’s List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Caleb R. S. McEntire, Kun-Wei Song, Robert P. McInnis, John Y. Rhee, Michael Young, Erika Williams, Leah L. Wibecan, Neal Nolan, Amanda M. Nagy, Jeffrey Gluckstein, Shibani S. Mukerji, Farrah J. Mateen

Year: 2021

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827

Summary#

This paper reviews the neurological manifestations of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist’s lens.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Time Period: 1934 to August 2020

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Neurology

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.

Beyond neurology: unravelling Nipah virus’s cardiovascular conundrum—an editorial

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Amogh Verma, Ayush Anandh, *Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Abhay M Gaidhane, Neelima Kukrety, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy, PhD, *i

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

This editorial discusses the cardiovascular implications of Nipah virus infection beyond its neurological manifestations.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus infection can cause myocarditis leading to myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, and heart failure
Histopathological studies reveal lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium of Nipah infected individuals, indicating an inflammatory response affecting the heart
Nipah virus infection is associated with vascular compromise, including vasculitis and endothelial dysfunction

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Virology, Cardiology

MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sazilah Ahmad Sarji, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Khean Jin Goh, Chong Tin Tan, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2000

Journal: AJR

DOI: 10.361-803X/00/1752-437 or null

PMID: Not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper describes MRI findings of Nipah encephalitis in 31 patients, revealing discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain, mainly in the subcortical and deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. No mass effect or cerebral edema was seen.

Stakeholder Perspective of Handling the Deceased during the Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Prajitha Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan, Arya Rahul, Ramachandran Nair Saraswathy Gopakumar, Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair

Year: 2020

Journal: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0155

Summary#

This paper analyzes the stakeholder response during the handling of deceased individuals during the Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018 using a qualitative study and grounded theory approach.

Key Findings#

Mixed public response including anxiety and fear, conflicting religious beliefs, and humanitarian concern
Swift state response with critical resources and robust guidance

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, South India
Time Period: May 2018 to the outbreak

Topics#

Nipah Virus Outbreak, Stakeholder Response, Public Health

Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lai-Meng LOOI MD, FRCPath, Kaw-Bing CHUA* MD, FRCPath

Year: 2007

Journal: Malaysian J Pathol

Summary#

The Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia (1998/1999) resulted in 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths and caused near total collapse of the billion-dollar pig-farming industry. The paper discusses the epidemiology, clinico-pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of this new disease.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus targeted medium-sized and small blood vessels resulting in endothelial multinucleated syncytia and fibrinoid necrosis.
Autopsies revealed disseminated cerebral microinfarctions resulting from vasculitis-induced thrombosis and direct neuronal involvement.
Nipah virus was discovered in the urine and saliva of Malaysian Island flying foxes, implicating them as natural reservoir hosts.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Malaysia and Singapore
Time Period: September 1998 to May 1999

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Nipah Virus-associated Encephalitis Outbreak, Siliguri, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Mandeep S. Chadha, James A. Comer, Luis Lowe, Paul A. Rota, Pierre E. Rollin, William J. Bellini, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Akhilesh C. Mishra

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: Not specified in the text

PMID: Not specified in the text

Summary#

An outbreak of febrile illness associated with altered sensorium was observed in Siliguri, India. Laboratory investigations initially failed to identify an infectious agent, but retrospective analysis detected NiV-specific antibodies and RNA in 9 patients and 5 urine samples respectively.