Clinical Manifestations and Management on Nipah Virus Research Library

Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vincent P. Hsu, Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Umesh D. Parashar, Mohammed Monsur Ali, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Charles Rupprecht, Joseph Bresee, Robert F. Breiman

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

Two outbreaks of encephalitis in Meherpur and Naogaon, Bangladesh, occurred in 2001 and 2003. The paper investigates these outbreaks, identifies cases through serum sampling, and suggests that transmission may occur through close contact with other patients or from exposure to a common source.

Ribavirin Therapy for Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Guillaume, Cantamin, Loth, Georges-Courbot, Lefeuvre, Maraianneau, Chua, Lam, Buckland, Deubel, Wild

Year: 2004

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10211.2004

Summary#

This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of ribavirin therapy in treating Nipah virus infection in mice and humans, contradicting a previous statement that ribavirin was ineffective based on limited data.

Key Findings#

In an open-label study, mortality was significantly lower in patients with Nipah virus encephalitis treated with ribavirin compared to controls (32% vs. 54%, P ⫽ 0.011)
Duration of ventilation and total hospital stay were both significantly shorter in the ribavirin group compared to controls (P ⫽ 0.0002 and <0.0001, respectively)

Methodology#

Study Type: Open-label study
Sample Size: 140 patients with Nipah virus encephalitis
Geographic Focus: Malaysia
Time Period: 1998

Topics#

Virology, Clinical

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Babasaheb V Tandale, Rahul Narang, G Vijay Kumar, Manish Jain, Shilpa J Tomar, Pravin S Deshmukh

Year: 2023

Journal: Not specified from text

DOI: S097475591600546

Summary#

This paper discusses changes in the causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in India over the past decade, with a focus on the rise of Nipah virus and other infections like Chandipura, chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile. The paper highlights the importance of the One Health approach and recent advances in diagnostic testing.

Henipavirus Encephalitis: Recent Developments and Advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kien Chai Ong, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2015

Journal: Brain Pathology

DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12278

Summary#

This paper discusses the clinical manifestations and pathological features of Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which cause severe and often fatal outbreaks in humans and animals.

Key Findings#

Both HeV and NiV cause an acute encephalitic syndrome
Pathological features include disseminated, multi-organ vasculopathy and parenchymal cell infection
Both viruses can cause relapsing encephalitis

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Philippines
Time Period: 1990s to present

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Antibody response in symptomatic & asymptomatic Nipah virus cases from Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4388_20

Summary#

The study evaluates antibody response among symptomatic survivors of NiV infection and their asymptomatic contacts identified during 2018 and 2019 NiV outbreaks from Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Anti-NiV IgM was detectable from 5th POD to 27th POD
Anti-NiV IgG was detected for more than one year among symptomatic NiV cases

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational Study
Sample Size: 3 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: (2018 to 2019)

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Advancements in Nipah virus treatment: Analysis of current progress in vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Gayatree Mishra, Vishal Prajapat, Debasis Nayak

Year: 2024

Journal: Immunology

DOI: 10.1111/imm.13695

Summary#

This paper discusses the current progress in NiV-vaccine research and therapeutic options, including mAbs and antiviral medications.

Key Findings#

Several potential vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in animal models
Some of these candidate vaccines have entered further clinical trials
Research has identified a handful of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of neutralizing the virion
Progress in discovering potential antiviral drugs has been limited

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: South-Asian and South-East Asian countries, Africa, and Australia

Topics#

Vaccines, Antivirals, Therapeutics, Nipah virus

'The Bug Stops Here!’ Nipah Encephalitis; Kerala

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2019

Summary#

A case study of a man with Nipah encephalitis presenting with high fever, neurological symptoms, and MRI findings of multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the brain (Starry sky appearance). The patient was treated with Ribavirin, IVIG, and isolation precautions.

Key Findings#

Nipah infection (NiV) recently claimed 17 lives in Kerala Outbreak of May 2018
The patient presented with high grade fever, chills, rigors, fever, conjunctival congestion, drowsiness, dysarthria, severe ataxia, myoclonus, tachycardia, and tachypnea
MRI showed multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and ponto-mesencephalic area with restricted diffusion (Starry sky appearance)
CSF tested positive for NiV on day 2
The patient was started on oral Ribavirin for 11 days

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 1
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May 2018

Topics#

Nipah, Encephalitis, MRI, Ribavirin, Case Study

Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization’s List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Caleb R. S. McEntire, Kun-Wei Song, Robert P. McInnis, John Y. Rhee, Michael Young, Erika Williams, Leah L. Wibecan, Neal Nolan, Amanda M. Nagy, Jeffrey Gluckstein, Shibani S. Mukerji, Farrah J. Mateen

Year: 2021

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827

Summary#

This paper reviews the neurological manifestations of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist’s lens.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Time Period: 1934 to August 2020

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Neurology

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.

Beyond neurology: unravelling Nipah virus’s cardiovascular conundrum—an editorial

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Amogh Verma, Ayush Anandh, *Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Abhay M Gaidhane, Neelima Kukrety, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy, PhD, *i

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

This editorial discusses the cardiovascular implications of Nipah virus infection beyond its neurological manifestations.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus infection can cause myocarditis leading to myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, and heart failure
Histopathological studies reveal lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium of Nipah infected individuals, indicating an inflammatory response affecting the heart
Nipah virus infection is associated with vascular compromise, including vasculitis and endothelial dysfunction

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Virology, Cardiology

MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sazilah Ahmad Sarji, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Khean Jin Goh, Chong Tin Tan, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2000

Journal: AJR

DOI: 10.361-803X/00/1752-437 or null

PMID: Not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper describes MRI findings of Nipah encephalitis in 31 patients, revealing discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain, mainly in the subcortical and deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. No mass effect or cerebral edema was seen.

Stakeholder Perspective of Handling the Deceased during the Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Prajitha Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan, Arya Rahul, Ramachandran Nair Saraswathy Gopakumar, Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair

Year: 2020

Journal: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0155

Summary#

This paper analyzes the stakeholder response during the handling of deceased individuals during the Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018 using a qualitative study and grounded theory approach.

Key Findings#

Mixed public response including anxiety and fear, conflicting religious beliefs, and humanitarian concern
Swift state response with critical resources and robust guidance

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, South India
Time Period: May 2018 to the outbreak

Topics#

Nipah Virus Outbreak, Stakeholder Response, Public Health

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats