Virology and Pathogenesis on Nipah Virus Research Library

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.

A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivier Uwishema, Jack Wellington, Christin Berjaoui, Kamsi Olivia Muoka, Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka, Helen Onyeaka

Year: 2022

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Summary#

This paper discusses the recent re-emergence of Nipah virus (NiV) in India’s Kozhikode district, causing the death of a 12-year-old boy. The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the severe impact of the virus on affected populations.

Key Findings#

There was a recent re-emergence of Nipah virus in India’s Kozhikode district, causing a death.
The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the impact of the virus.

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: India’s Kozhikode district
Time Period: September 5, 2021

Topics#

Nipah virus, Outbreak

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Navigating Nipah virus: Insights, challenges, and recommendations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Hassan Hafeez, Hafsa Ajmal, Amna Nadeem, Shehroze Tabassum, Aymar Akilimali, *

Year: 2025

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

Summary#

This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a biosafety level 4 and category C pathogen belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus
NiV infections range from mild to severe, with an incubation period of 4–14 days and initial symptoms including fever, headache, and respiratory distress
Notably, NiV-MY proves more virulent than NiV-BD, highlighting genotypic variations

Methodology#

Study Type: Mini-Narrative Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Emerging threat: Nipah virus - A call for global preparedness and vigilance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2024

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

The paper discusses the emergence of Nipah virus as a global public health threat, with recent outbreaks in Bangladesh raising concerns. There is currently no specific therapeutic intervention for infected individuals.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is highly virulent and prone to mutation
First human cases were reported between September 1998 and April 1999 in the Malaysian-Singaporean peninsula, with subsequent outbreaks in various countries
Fruit bats are the natural host of Nipah virus, while pigs may act as domestic animal intermediate amplifying hosts
Three routes of transmission are identified: eating fruit contaminated with NiV, coming into close contact with infected human bodily fluids, or getting in touch with the excretions or secretions of infected animals
A recent outbreak in Bangladesh has resulted in a case-fatality ratio (CFR) of 100%, highlighting the need for research and development of vaccines and treatments

Methodology#

Study Type: Letter to the Editor
Geographic Focus: [‘Malaysia’, ‘Singapore’, ‘India’, ‘Bangladesh’, ‘Philippines’]
Time Period: 1998-2024

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical, Policy

Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kristine M. Smith, Catherine C. Machala, Richard Seifman, Yasha Feferholtz, William B. Kares, EcoHealth Alliance, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, United Nations Association-National Capital Area, Working Group on Wildlife, World Organisation for Animal Health

Year: 2019

Journal: One Health

DOI: 10.xxxx/100080 or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This paper argues for considering the wider socioeconomic consequences of infectious disease events beyond traditional public health sectors.

1-s2.0-S0042682207007593-main

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Source#

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Designing potential siRNA molecules for silencing the gene of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus: A computational investigation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: AMUB Mahfuz, Md. Arif Khan, Emran Hossain Sajib, Anamika Deb, Shafi Mahmud, Mahmudul Hasan, Otun Saha, Ariful Islam, Md. Mizanur Rahaman, **

Year: 2022

Journal: Infection, Genetics and Evolution

DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105310 or null

Summary#

This paper designs potential siRNA molecules to silence the gene of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus, aiming to combat the virus due to its crucial role in viral replication.

Key Findings#

Ten prospective siRNAs were identified for NiV’s nucleocapsid gene
Off-target binding, GC content, secondary structure, binding affinity with the target, melting temperature, efficacy analysis, and binding capacity with human argonaute protein 2 (AGO2) of these siRNAs were evaluated.
Designed siRNA molecules show promise in silencing NiV’s gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein.

Methodology#

Study Type: Computational Investigation
Sample Size: 10 siRNAs
Geographic Focus: Various countries
Time Period: null

Topics#

Virology, siRNA, Nipah Virus

In silico prediction of interaction between Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein and host cell receptors Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3 in domestic and peridomestic mammals

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ananya Ferdous Hoque, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Ayeasha Siddika Lamia, Ariful Islam, John D. Klena, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Jonathan H. Epstein, Joel M. Montgomery, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Tahmina Shirin, Iqbal Kabir Jahid, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Year: 2023

Journal: Infection, Genetics and Evolution

DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105516

Summary#

This paper investigates the binding affinity of Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein to host cell receptors Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3 in domestic and peridomestic mammals commonly found in Bangladesh.

Fruit bats as natural reservoir of highly pathogenic henipaviruses: balance between antiviral defense and viral tolerance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Said Mougari, Claudia Gonzalez, Olivier Reynard, Branka Horvat

Year: 2022

Journal: Current Opinion in Virology

DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101228

Summary#

This paper reviews the mechanisms that allow fruit bats to control Henipavirus infection while avoiding uncontrollable virus expansion and immunopathology.

Key Findings#

Bats are the natural reservoir host for highly pathogenic Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses.
Despite being infected, bats present limited signs of disease but can transmit the infection to other hosts, posing a risk for new viral outbreaks.
Bats have evolved mechanisms permitting efficient control of Henipavirus infection, balancing viral tolerance and antiviral defense.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Full genome sequence of Nipah virus from an outbreak in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: V.A. Arankalle, Bhaswati T. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwini Y. Ramdasi, Ramesh Jadi, Dilip R. Patil, Mehebubar Rahman, Monalisa Majumdar, Parthasarthi S. Banerjee, Amiyakumar K. Hati, Ramaprasad P. Goswami, Dhruba Kumar Neogi, Akhilesh C. Mishra

Year: 2007

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid1705.100968

Summary#

This paper describes a full genome sequence of Nipah virus from an outbreak in India that caused encephalitis or respiratory symptoms and resulted in five deaths.

Key Findings#

The virus showed 99.2% nt and 99.8% aa identity with the Bangladesh-2004 isolate, suggesting a common source of the virus.
The outbreak involved five persons who were close relatives or contacts of an initial patient.

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 5 patients and 34 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Village Belechuapara, Nadia district, West Bengal, India
Time Period: April 9–28, 2007

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

An Immunoinformatics Prediction of Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccines Candidate Against Surface Antigens of Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Joynob Akter Puspo, Ahmed Ahsan Adib, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Sharmin Sultana, Ariful Islam, John D. Klena, Joel M. Montgomery, Syed M. Satter, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Year: 2024

Journal: International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics

DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10431-z

Summary#

This paper aims to predict a dual-antigen multi-epitope subunit chimeric vaccine against surface-glycoproteins G and F of Nipah Virus using immunoinformatics analyses.

Key Findings#

40 T and B-cell epitopes were found to be conserved, antigenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and human non-homologous
Two vaccine candidates (NiV_BGD_V1 and NiV_BGD_V2) were strongly immunogenic, non-allergenic, and structurally stable
The proposed vaccine candidates showed a negative Z-score and high percentage of most rama-favored regions
Molecular docking confirmed the highest affinity of NiV_BGD_V1 and NiV_BGD_V2 with TLR-4 and TLR8
The vaccine constructs demonstrated increased levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines in humans and could be expressed properly using an adenoviral-based pAdTrack-CMV expression vector

Methodology#

Study Type: In silico prediction
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Immunoinformatics, Vaccine Development, Nipah Virus

Characterization of Nipah Virus from Outbreaks in Bangladesh, 2008–2010

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Michael K. Lo, Luis Lowe, Kimberly B. Hummel, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Emily S. Gurley, M. Jahangir Hossain, Stephen P. Luby, David M. Miller, James A. Comer, Pierre E. Rollin, William J. Bellini, Paul A. Rota

Year: 2018

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.111492

Summary#

This paper characterizes the complete genomic sequences of Nipah Virus isolates from two patients in Bangladesh in 2008 and partial sequences from three patients in 2010. The sequences were found to be distinct, indicating multiple co-circulating lineages in a localized region over a short time.

A Novel Model of Lethal Hendra Virus Infection in African Green Monkeys and the Effectiveness of Ribavirin Treatment

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Barry Rockx, Katharine N. Bossart, Friederike Feldmann, Joan B. Geisbert, Andrew C. Hickey, Douglas Brining, Julie Callison, David Safronetz, Andrea Marzi, Lisa Kercher, Dan Long, Christopher C. Broder, Heinz Feldmann, Thomas W. Geisbert

Year: 2010

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01163-10

Summary#

This paper introduces a new disease model of acute Hendra Virus infection in African green monkeys and evaluates the effectiveness of Ribavirin treatment.

Key Findings#

Exposure of AGMs to HeV produced a uniformly lethal infection.
Ribavirin treatment delayed disease onset by 1 to 2 days, with no significant benefit for disease progression and outcome.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: 9 African green monkeys (AGMs)

Topics#

Virology, African Green Monkeys, Ribavirin

Molecular Pathogenesis of Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Pratik Talukdar, Debankita Dutta, Elija Ghosh, Indrani Bose, Sourish Bhattacharjee

Year: 2023

Journal: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04300-0

Summary#

This paper reviews Nipah virus (NiV), a zoonotic disease causing encephalitis and severe respiratory illness in humans, primarily carried by Pteropus spp. bats. It discusses the need for clinical trials to establish potential treatment regimens.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease that can cause lethal encephalitis and severe respiratory illness in humans
The virus is primarily carried by Pteropus spp. bats
Human-to-human transmission can occur
Multiple outbreaks have been reported from South and Southeast Asia recently

Methodology#

Study Type: Review Article
Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia
Time Period: From the discovery of NiV in 1998

Topics#

Nipah virus, Encephalitis, Epidemiology, Pathology

Glycoprotein attachment with host cell surface receptor ephrin B2 and B3 in mediating entry of nipah and hendra virus: a computational investigation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: LIPSA PRIYADARSINEE, HIMAKSHI SARMA, G NARAHARI SASTRY

Year: 2022

Journal: J. Chem. Sci.

DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02110-9

Summary#

This paper investigates the molecular mechanism of interaction between Nipah and Hendra virus glycoproteins and human ephrin-B2 and B3 cell surface proteins using computational methods.

Key Findings#

HeV/NiV glycoprotein with EFNB2 complex has more conformational stability and higher binding energy compared to EFNB3.
During MD simulation, the number of H-bond formations was less in the case of EFNB3 complexes.

Methodology#

Study Type: Computational

Topics#

Virology, Computation, Protein Interaction

Reproducible generation of Nipah virus pseudovirions with uniform incorporation of F and G surface glycoproteins for high-throughput neutralization assays

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Geetu Rose Varghese, Vivek Vijay, Sreeja Sreedevi, Santhik S. Lupitha, Priya Prabhakaran, Sushama Aswathyraj, Anitha P. Moorkoth, Niyas K. Pulloor, Easwaran Sreekumar

Year: 2025

Journal: BMC Microbiology

DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-04375-9

Summary#

The paper describes the development of a system to generate Nipah virus pseudovirions with uniform incorporation of F and G surface glycoproteins for high-throughput neutralization assays.

Key Findings#

Established HEK293 pseudovirion producer cells that stably co-incorporated NiV F and G proteins
FACS analysis of clonally selected cells for high and uniform level F and G protein co-incorporation
Generation of high titer vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based pseudoviruses from these producer cells
Neutralization of Nipah pseudovirions by commercial anti-NiV F and G antibodies as well as convalescent serum from Nipah recovered patients

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: Cells
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Superspreading, overdispersion and their implications in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Oliver Wegehaupt, Akira Endo, Anna Vassall

Year: 2023

Journal: BMC Public Health

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1

Summary#

This paper explores the phenomenon of superspreading events in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic through a systematic review and meta-analysis. It found that a majority of studies reported lower than one for the dispersion parameter k, indicating significant heterogeneity in inter-individual transmission potential.

Key Findings#

Mean k estimates ranged from 0.04 to 2.97 across 28 peer-reviewed studies.
93% of the studies reported mean k estimates lower than one, indicating marked heterogeneity in inter-individual transmission potential.
Recommended control measures included forward and backward contact tracing, timely case confirmation, rapid isolation, vaccination, and preventive measures to suppress superspreading.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Topics#

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Superspreading, Overdispersion

Molecular characterization of Nipah virus from Pteropus hypomelanus in Southern Thailand

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Panumas Samseeneam, Mana Phermpool, Thongchai Kaewpom, Apaporn Rodpan, Pattarapol Maneeorn, Phimchanok Srongmongkol, Budsabong Kanchanasaka, Thiravat Hemachudha

Year: 2016

Journal: Virology Journal

DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0510-x

Summary#

This study identified Nipah virus strain using molecular characterizations from Pteropus hypomelanus in southern Thailand.

Key Findings#

Five out of 184 bat urine specimens were positive for Nipah virus using nested RT-PCR assay on partial nucleocapsid fragment
All 5 partial fragments and 4 whole nucleocapsid genes formed a monophyletic with NiV-MY

Methodology#

Study Type: Short Report
Sample Size: 184 bat urine specimens
Geographic Focus: Southern Thailand

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Nipah Virus Sequences from Humans and Bats during Nipah Outbreak, Kerala, India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Anita M. Shete, G. Arun Kumar, Prasad Sarkale, Rima R. Sahay, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Rajen Lakra, Prachi Pardeshi, Nivedita Gupta, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, V.R. Rajendran, Rajeev Sadanandan, Devendra T. Mourya

Year: 2018

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2505.181076

Summary#

This paper retrieves Nipah virus sequences from human and bat samples during a 2018 outbreak in Kerala, India, demonstrating the similarity of the virus from humans to that of bats, indicating bats as the source of the outbreak.

High Pathogenicity of Nipah Virus from Pteropus lylei Fruit Bats, Cambodia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Maria Gaudino, Noémie Aurine, Claire Dumont, Julien Fouret, Marion Ferren, Cyrille Mathieu, Olivier Reynard, Viktor E. Volchkov, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot, Branka Horvat

Year: 2019

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid2601.191284

Summary#

The paper characterizes a Nipah virus (NiV) isolate from Cambodia in 2003, revealing similar cell permissiveness and replication in both bat and human cell lines. The virus has high pathogenic potential and may provide insight for future NiV outbreaks in Southeast Asia.

Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Yakhouba Kane, Betty Nalikka, Alexander Tendu, Victor Omondi, Kathrina Mae Bienes, Abdou Padane, Veasna Duong, Nicolas Berthet, Gary Wong

Year: 2024

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid3103.241134

Summary#

This paper analyzes the genetic diversity and geographic spread of Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses, using data from National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus and VIRION databases. The study found that bats and shrews are dominant hosts, with key henipavirus hosts in Asia, Australia, and Africa.

Nipah virus: pathogenesis, genome, diagnosis, and treatment

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Rishav Madhukalya, Urvashi Yadav, Hilal Ahmad Parray, Nisha Raj, Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha, Vivek Kumar, Anjali Saroj, Vidushi Agarwal, Dilip Kumar, Supratik Das, Rajesh Kumar

Year: 2025

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-025-13474-6

Summary#

This paper is a detailed review on Nipah virus, covering its origin and spread, modes of transmission, risk factors, genome, key proteins, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, and ongoing research for therapies.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus has high pandemic potential
No clinically approved antivirals, immunotherapy, or vaccines available for NiV infection
Discussion on different diagnostic approaches and ongoing research for NiV therapies

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Revolutionizing Nipah virus vaccinology: insights into subunit vaccine development strategies and immunological advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Tapas Das, Sutapa Datta, Arnab Sen

Year: 2024

Journal: In Silico Pharmacology

DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00246-9

Summary#

The paper aims to develop a subunit vaccine against the Nipah virus (NiV) by analyzing its proteome and predicting T-cell, helper T-cell, and B-cell epitopes using various servers. The predicted high-affinity epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity, and molecular interactions with specific receptors were analyzed.

Key Findings#

Subunit vaccine development strategies for NiV
Prediction of T-cell, helper T-cell, and B-cell epitopes
Evaluation of epitopes’ antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity
Molecular interactions with specific receptors analyzed

Methodology#

Study Type: In Silico Study

Topics#

Vaccinology, Immunology

An Immunoinformatic-Based In Silico Identification on the Creation of a Multiepitope-Based Vaccination Against the Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Beant Kaur, Arun Karnwal, Anu Bansal, Tabarak Malik

Year: 2024

Journal: BioMed Research International

DOI: 10.1155/2024/4066641

Summary#

This paper describes an in silico study that identifies epitopes from the conserved region of NiV proteins and constructs a multiepitope-based vaccine candidate. The final vaccine candidate has a total combined coverage range of 80.53%.

Key Findings#

Two B cell epitopes, seven cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and seven helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitope interactions from the NiV proteomic inventory were identified
The tertiary structure of the constructed vaccine was optimized, its stability confirmed with molecular simulation, and molecular docking performed to check binding affinity and energy with TLR-3 and TLR-5

Methodology#

Study Type: In Silico Study

Topics#

Immunoinformatics, Vaccine Development, Nipah Virus

Neurological pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nikhil Chakravarty, Thrisha Senthilnathan, Sophia Paiola, Priya Gyani, Sebastian Castillo Cario, Estrella Urena, Akash Jeysankar, Prakash Jeysankar, Joseph Ignatius Irudayam, Sumathi Natesan Subramanian, Helen Lavretsky, Shantanu Joshi, Gustavo Garcia Jr., Arunachalam Ramaiah, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in text

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This review paper discusses the abilities of SARS-CoV-2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the blood–brain barrier into the central nervous system. It highlights the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID-19 patients and presents new insight into key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants that may impact on neuropilin 1 binding and CNS invasion.

A comparative genomic approach to decipher the mutations associated with Nipah viral human isolates from southeast Asia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Norine Norbert Dsouza, Selvaa Kumar Chellasamy

Year: 2024

Journal: Volume 16 Number 1 (February 2024) 104-113

Summary#

This paper uses a comparative genomic approach to identify mutations in Nipah virus (NiV) human isolates from Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India.

Key Findings#

NiV isolates were categorized into NiV-M, NiV-B, and NiV-I clades based on phylogenetic analysis
Metagenomic analysis revealed 1636 variations in the noncoding and coding regions of the genomes of the three clades of NiV
The phosphoprotein was found to be highly mutating, whereas the matrix protein was stable

Methodology#

Study Type: Original Article
Sample Size: 37 NiV genomes of human samples
Geographic Focus: Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India

Topics#

Nipah virus, Phylogeny, Mutations, Host-pathogen interaction

Development of Nipah virus-specific IgM & IgG ELISA for screening human serum samples

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anita M. Shete, Rajlaxmi Jain, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Prachi Pardeshi, Pragya D. Yadav, Nivedita Gupta, Devendra Mourya

Year: 2024

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2737_21

Summary#

The paper develops and evaluates IgM and IgG ELISAs for detecting Nipah virus antibodies in human sera, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity.

Key Findings#

99.28% specificity and 100% sensitivity of the developed anti-NiV IgM ELISA compared to reference test
90% positive predictive value and 93.94% positive predictive value for anti-Nipah IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA respectively with test accuracy of 99.33%

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Diagnostic Tests

Genomic characterization, transcriptome analysis, and pathogenicity of the Nipah virus (Indian isolate)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sreelekshmy Mohandasa, Anita Shetea, Prasad Sarkalea, Abhinendra Kumara, Chandrasekhar Moteb, Pragya Yadava

Year: 2023

Journal: VIRULENCE

DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2224642

Summary#

This paper analyzes the genomic characterization, transcriptome, and pathogenicity of a Nipah virus (Indian isolate) using Vero (ATCC® CCL−81™) and BHK−21 cells in a Syrian hamster model.

Key Findings#

The Indian isolate shows ~4% nucleotide and amino acid difference compared to the Bangladesh strains of NiV, with most substitutions not being significant except for the phosphoprotein gene.
Differential expression of viral genes was observed following infection in Vero (ATCC® CCL−81™) and BHK−21 cells.
Intraperitoneal infection resulted in a dose-dependent multisystemic disease with prominent vascular lesions in lungs, brain, kidney, and extra vascular lesions in the brain and lungs.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental (using cell lines and animal model)
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Pathology, Epidemiology

Functional and antigenic landscape of the Nipah virus receptor-binding protein

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Brendan B. Larsen, Teagan McMahon, Jack T. Brown, Zhaoqian Wang, Caelan E. Radford, James E. Crowe, Jr., David Veesler, Jesse D. Bloom

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.030

Summary#

The paper provides insights into the functional and antigenic properties of the Nipah virus receptor-binding protein (RBP) through deep mutational scanning, which helps understand viral evolution and design therapeutics.

Key Findings#

Deep mutational scanning of the Nipah virus RBP was performed
A pseudovirus platform was used to measure mutation effects safely
All mutations were measured for their impact on cell entry, receptor binding, and antibody escape
Functionally constrained regions of the RBP were identified, including oligomerization sites
Mutations affecting RBP binding to its two ephrin receptors were validated

Methodology#

Study Type: Deep mutational scanning

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical

Genetic diversity of Nipah virus in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: M.Z. Rahman, M.M. Islam, M.E. Hossain, M.M. Rahman, A. Islam, A. Siddika, M.S.S. Hossain, S. Sultan, A. Islam, M. Rahman, M. Rahman, J.D. Klena, M.S. Flora, P. Daszak, J.H. Epstein, S.P. Lubye, E.S. Gurley

Year: 2021

Journal: International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Summary#

This study aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology and evolution of Nipah virus in Bangladesh.

Key Findings#

NiV-RNA was detected in 19% of bat roost urine samples.
Nine N gene sequences were recovered from bat samples.
Sequences were retrieved from 53% of archived RNA samples from patients.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Bangladeshi strains belonged to NiV-BD genotype.
The analyses suggested that the strains of NiV-BD genotype diverged during 1995 and formed two sublineages.

Methodology#

Study Type: Molecular detection, genetic characterization, Bayesian time-scale evolution analyses
Sample Size: 456 bat roost urine samples and archived RNA samples from patients during 2012–2018 in Bangladesh
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: 2012–2018

Topics#

Nipah virus, Genetic characterization, Phylogenetics, Evolution

Paramyxoviruses in rodents: A review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Firdaus Mohd-Qawiem, Abdul Rahman Nawal-Amani, Farzee Faranieyza-Afiqah, Abd Rahaman Yasmin, Siti Suri Arshad, Mohamed Sohaimi Norfitriah, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila

Year: 2022

Journal: Open Veterinary Journal

DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.14

Summary#

This review discusses various paramyxoviruses found in rodents, their distribution, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and control measures.

Key Findings#

Several novel murine paramyxoviruses have been discovered, such as Beilong virus, Mojiang virus (MojV), Tailam virus in rats, Jeilongvirus, Nariva, Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus-1 and -2 in mice, and Pentlands paramyxovirus-1, -2, and -3 in squirrels.
These viruses were reported mainly in China and a few other countries like Australia, the Republic of Korea, Trinidad, and France.
In June 2012, three miners died potentially due to a novel zoonotic MojV, a henipa-like virus.
Rats are considered natural hosts for the MojV.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: [‘China’, ‘Australia’, ‘Republic of Korea’, ‘Trinidad’, ‘France’]

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Benjamin Kaza, Hector C. Aguilar

Year: 2023

Journal: VIRULENCE

DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684

Summary#

This paper reviews the pathogenesis, replication cycle, epidemiology, genomics, and host responses of henipaviruses, including Nipah (NiV), Hendra (HeV), Langya (LayV), Gamak (GAKV), and CedV.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals.
NiV and HeV are maintained in fruit bat reservoirs and can spillover into humans or animals.
Recent advances in surveillance have revealed a high number of henipaviral genome sequences distributed across most continents.
Emerging henipaviruses include Langya (LayV) and Mojiang (MojV), which infect shrews and rats, respectively.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Streamlined detection of Nipah virus antibodies using a split NanoLuc biosensor

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Éric Bergeron, Cheng-Feng Chiang, Michael K. Lo, Elif Karaaslan, Syed Moinuddin Satter Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Wasik Rahman Aquib, Dewan Imtiaz Rahman, Subyeta Binte Sarwar, Joel M. Montgomery, John D. Klena, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2024

Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections

DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2398640

Summary#

Researchers developed and validated a split NanoLuc luciferase NiV glycoprotein (G) biosensor for detecting antibodies in clinical and animal samples. The assay was tested using the WHO’s first international standard for anti-NiV antibodies and more than 700 serum samples from Bangladesh, showing sensitivity and specificity comparable to anti-NiV IgG ELISA performance.

A Novel DNAzyme-Based Fluorescent Biosensor for Detection of RNA-Containing Nipah Henipavirus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anastasiia Kirichenko, Ekaterina Bryushkova, Vladimir Dedkov, Anna Dolgova

Year: 2023

Journal: Biosensors

DOI: 10.3390/bios13020252

Summary#

This paper describes the development of a fluorescent biosensor for detecting Nipah virus RNA using DNAzyme 10–23.

Key Findings#

Developed a Dz_NiV biosensor based on a split catalytic core of deoxyribozyme 10–23
Assembly of active 10–23 DNAzymes occurred only in the presence of synthetic target Nipah virus RNA
Achieved a 10 nM limit of detection for the synthetic target RNA

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study

Topics#

Biosensors, Virology, RNA

Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: R. Sagaya Jansi, Ameer Khusro, Paul Agastian, Ahmed Alfarhan, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal, Damia Barcelo, Amal Al-Tamimi

Year: 2021

Journal: Science of the Total Environment

Summary#

This paper suggests that natural resources could be a future source of antiviral therapy for deadly human diseases such as Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, and Herpes simplex virus infection.

Key Findings#

Viral diseases with high mortality rates are major public health threats globally
Antiviral drugs and vaccines against deadly diseases are of urgent demand
Medicines from natural resources have shown low side-effect to humans
Plants, fungi, and microorganisms are recognized as potent antiviral agents
Drugs from natural resources as future antiviral therapy are suggested

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Antiviral, Alternative therapy, Ethno medicine

Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: S. V. Maryanchik, S. E. Borovikova, A. O. Ivanova, V. V. Troﬁmov, O. E. Bagrova, A. S. Frolova, O. N. Mityaeva, P. Yu Volchkov, A. A. Deviatkin

Year: 2025

Journal: Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1436026

Summary#

This paper discusses antivirotics based on defective interfering particles and their emerging concepts and challenges.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology

Relevance#

The paper discusses the potential of defective interfering particles as antivirotics, which could be significant for combating various viral infections.

Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, Philip Lawrence, Javier Castillo-Olivares

Year: 2023

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156758

Summary#

This paper reviews the immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, and Nipah virus infections.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Immunology, Virology, Epidemiology

Relevance#

This paper provides valuable insights into the immune correlates of protection for three high-consequence viruses, which could aid in the development and licensing of vaccines.

Source#

Download PDF

Immunological correlates of protection afforded by PHV02 live, attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccine against Nipah virus disease

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Thomas P. Monath, Richard Nichols, Friederike Feldmann, Amanda Grifﬁn, Elaine Haddock, Julie Callison, Kimberly Meade-White, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Chad S. Clancy, Carl Shaia, Wasima Rida, Joan Fusco

Year: 2023

Journal: Front. Immunol.

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216225

Summary#

This paper investigates immunological correlates of protection afforded by PHV02, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccine against Nipah virus disease in the African green monkey model. Neutralizing antibody to Nipah virus is proposed as the principal mediator of protection.

The latest advancements in Sosuga virus (SOSV) research

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nathan M. Markarian, Levon Abrahamyan

Year: 2024

Journal: Front. Microbiol.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1486792

Summary#

This paper reviews the latest advancements in understanding Sosuga Virus (SOSV), a zoonotic paramyxovirus from bats, focusing on its pathogenesis, animal models, and antiviral strategies.

Key Findings#

SOSV is a zoonotic virus discovered in a hospitalized biologist who returned from Africa in 2012
Investigating SOSV’s pathogenesis, epidemiology, and developing antiviral strategies are crucial for controlling potential future outbreaks

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Africa
Time Period: 2012 and later

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

A single-dose mRNA vaccine protected up to 70% of Syrian hamsters from lethal Nipah virus challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challenge.

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Structural and functional analysis of the Nipah virus polymerase complex

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Side Hu, Heesu Kim, Pan Yang, Zishuo Yu, Barbara Ludeke, Shawna Mobilia, Junhua Pan, Margaret Stratton, Yuemin Bian, Rachel Fearns, Jonathan Abraham

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.021

Summary#

The paper determines the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Nipah virus polymerase complex and performs structural, biophysical, and functional analyses to understand features critical for RNA replication and transcription. The findings could aid in the development of antivirals.

Key Findings#

Cryo-EM structure of the NiV L-P complex determined
Docking studies with an inhibitor clarify mechanisms of intrinsic NiV L resistance
Palm insert, zinc fingers, and P4 extension are critical for NiV L activity
Intrusion loop plays an essential role in RNA replication

Methodology#

Study Type: Structural analysis/Functional analysis

Topics#

Virology, Pharmacology

Prophylactic protection from lethal henipavirus disease mediated by Nipah-derived defective interfering particles is influenced by challenge virus strain and viral species

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Stephen R. Welch, Jessica R. Spengler, Jessica R. Harmon, JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray, Sarah C. Genzer, Katherine A. Davies, Teresa E. Sorvillo, Florine E. M. Scholte, Sergio E. Rodriguez, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2025

Journal: eBioMedicine

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105897

Summary#

The paper explores the effectiveness of defective interfering particles (DIPs) in reducing clinical signs and lethality of henipavirus infection in Syrian hamsters.

Key Findings#

Prophylactic DIP treatment reduced clinical signs and lethality in Syrian hamsters.
Single or repeated pre-exposure regimens provided protection, while post-exposure treatment was ineffective.
DIPs derived from NiV strain Malaysia were most effective against NiV Malaysia but also provided strong protection against the closely related NiV Bangladesh with certain regimens.
These DIPs offered minimal or no protection against lethality from the more distantly related Hendra virus.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: Syrian hamsters

Topics#

Virus research, Medical countermeasures, Henipaviruses, Nipah virus, Hendra virus

Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ranjeet Maurya, Aparna Swaminathan, Uzma Shamim, Smriti Arora, Pallavi Mishra, Aakarshan Raina, Varsha Ravi, Bansidhar Tarai, Sandeep Budhiraja, Rajesh Pandey

Year: 2023

Journal: iScience

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108336

Summary#

The study investigates the differential host-immune kinetics associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants during different time periods of Pre-VOC and VOCs (Delta & Omicron). The findings suggest that Omicron infection is marked by a robust type 1 interferon response, which was largely missing during Pre-VOC and Delta waves. The study highlights the eventual adaptation of host to immune activation patterns that interrupt virus evolution with enhanced immune-evasion mutations and counteraction mechanisms.

Remdesivir (GS-5734) protects African green monkeys from Nipah virus challenge

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Michael K. Lo, Friederike Feldmann, Joy M. Gary, Robert Jordan, *Roy Bannister, Jacqueline Cronin, Nishi R. Patel, John D. Klena, Stuart T. Nichol, Tomas Cihlar, Sherif R. Zaki, Heinz Feldmann, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Emmie de Wit

Year: 2019

Journal: Sci Transl Med

DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau9242

Summary#

The paper tests the efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734), a broad-acting antiviral nucleotide prodrug, against Nipah virus in African green monkeys. Remdesivir treatment resulted in the survival of all treated animals, while control animals succumbed to the infection.

Late remdesivir treatment initiation partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Emmie de Wit, Brandi N. Williamson, Friederike Feldmann, Kerry Goldin, Michael K. Lo, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Elaine Bunyan, Danielle P. Porter, Tomas Cihlar, Greg Saturday, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Heinz Feldmann

Year: 2024

Journal: Antiviral Res.

DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105658

Summary#

Late treatment with remdesivir partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection, but does not prevent clinical disease or histologic lesions in the brain.

Key Findings#

Remdesivir treatment provided partial protection for African green monkeys when initiated 3 days post-infection
67% of high dose group survived the challenge, but surviving animals showed brain lesions
Early administration is critical for effective remdesivir treatment during Nipah virus infection

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: 6 African green monkeys per group
Geographic Focus: Hamilton, MT, United States of America
Time Period: Unknown

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Antiviral, Remdesivir, Nonhuman Primates

Science. 2022 March 25; 375(6587): 1373–1378.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Zhaoqian Wang, Moushimi Amaya, Amin Addetia, Ha V. Dang, Gabriella Reggiano, Lianying Yan, Andrew C. Hickey, Frank DiMaio, Christopher C. Broder, David Veesler

Year: 2022

Journal: Science

DOI: 10.1126/science.abm5561

Summary#

This paper determines a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Nipah virus (NiV) attachment glycoprotein (G) homotetrameric ectodomain in complex with the nAH1.3 broadly neutralizing antibody Fab fragment. The results suggest a multi-pronged therapeutic strategy against these deadly pathogens.

Key Findings#

A cocktail of two non-overlapping G-specific antibodies neutralizes NiV and HeV synergistically and limits the emergence of escape mutants.
The receptor-binding head domain is immunodominant in polyclonal serum antibody responses elicited by vaccination of macaques with NiV G.

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study
Sample Size: N/A (experimental model study)

Topics#

Virology, Immunology

Hendra and Nipah Infection: Pathology, Models and Potential Therapies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Frederic Vigant, Benhur Lee

Year: 2011

Journal: Infect Disord Drug Targets

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in text

Summary#

This paper reviews the unique features of henipavirus infections, and discusses different strategies and animal models that have been developed to identify and test potential drugs for preventing or treating henipavirus infections.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses are zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a broader tropism than most other paramyxoviruses, and can cause severe acute encephalitis
Ribavirin was empirically used during the Nipah virus outbreak but its efficacy is disputed
There are currently no approved effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatments for henipavirus infections

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Sample Size: Not applicable (literature review)
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia
Time Period: 1994-1998

Topics#

Henipavirus, Nipah, Hendra, Inhibitors, Antivirals, Pathology, Animal Models

Ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as functional henipavirus receptors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kai Xu, Christopher C. Broder, Dimitar B. Nikolov

Year: 2012

Journal: Semin Cell Dev Biol

DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.12.005

Summary#

This paper reviews recent progress in the study of henipavirus entry, particularly the identification of ephrins as their entry receptors, and the structural characterization of the ephrin/Henipa-G interactions.

Key Findings#

Ephrin-B2 and -B3 identified as entry receptor for henipaviruses
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) use ephrins as their entry receptors

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Henipavirus Receptor Usage and Tropism

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Manuscript Author: Olivier Pernet, Manuscript Author: Benhur Lee

Year: 2012

Journal: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.

DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_222

Summary#

This paper reviews the biology of the henipavirus receptors, ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, and how their usage relates to henipavirus cell tropism in vitro and in vivo.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses use ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as viral entry receptors
These receptors account for the unusual species tropism of henipaviruses

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

This paper investigates the differences in transmission of Nipah viruses between Malaysia and Bangladesh in ferrets, suggesting a contributory mechanism for increased transmission of NiV-BD compared to NiV-MY due to higher levels of virus replication in respiratory tract tissues.

Key Findings#

More rapid onset of productive infection and higher levels of virus replication in respiratory tract tissues for NiV-BD compared to NiV-MY
Suggests a contributory mechanism for increased NiV-BD transmission between people compared to NiV-MY

Methodology#

Study Type: Time Course Study
Sample Size: Ferrets

Topics#

Virology

Aerosol exposure to intermediate size Nipah virus particles induces neurological disease in African green monkeys

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Dima A. Hammoud, Margaret R. Lentz, Abigail Lara, Jordan K. Bohannon, Irwin Feuerstein, Louis Huzella, Peter B. Jahrling, Matthew Lackemeyer, Joseph Laux, Oscar Rojas, Philip Sayre ID, Jeffrey Solomon, Yu Cong, Vincent Munster, Michael R. Holbrook

Year: 2018

Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006978

Summary#

This paper investigates the effects of aerosol exposure to intermediate size Nipah virus particles on African green monkeys, mimicking potential human exposure, and finds that it induces neurological disease.

Nipah Virus Inhibitor Knowledgebase (NVIK): a combined evidence approach to prioritise small molecule inhibitors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Bhupender Singh, Nishi Kumari, Ayush Upadhyay, Bhavini Pahuja, Eugenia Covernton, Kishan Kalia, Kanika Tuteja, Priyanka Rani Paul, Rakesh Kumar, Mayur Sudhakar Zarkar, Anshu Bhardwaj

Year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Cheminformatics

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-025-01049-6

Summary#

This paper presents the Nipah Virus Inhibitor Knowledgebase (NVIK), a resource for NiV drug discovery containing manually curated NVIs with IC50/EC50 values in the nanomolar range. The authors prioritised top 10 NVIs based on robustness of assays, physicochemical properties and their toxicity profiles.

Development of a culture-independent whole-genome sequencing of Nipah virus using the MinION Oxford Nanopore platform

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Mojnu Miah, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Samiur Rahim, Sharmin Sultana, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Ariful Islam, Shannon L. M. Whitmer, Jonathan H. Epstein, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John D. Klena, Tahmina Shirin, Joel M. Montgomery, Maria E. Kaczmarek, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Iqbal Kabir Jahid

Year: 2024

Journal: Microbial Genetics | Methods and Protocols

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This study developed a culture-independent, high-throughput sequencing protocol for Nipah virus using the Oxford Nanopore Technology platform, suitable for resource-limited settings.

Pathogenic Differences between Nipah Virus Bangladesh and Malaysia Strains in Primates: Implications for Antibody Therapy

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Chad E. Mire, Benjamin A. Satterfield, Joan B. Geisbert, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Lianying Yan, Yee-Peng Chan, Robert W. Cross, Karla A. Fenton, Christopher C. Broder, Thomas W. Geisbert

Year: 2016

Journal: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper investigates the pathogenic differences between two strains of Nipah virus (NiV), Malaysia (NiVM) and Bangladesh (NiVB), by exposing African green monkeys to each strain. The findings suggest that NiVB is more pathogenic, with a higher mortality rate and more severe histopathology in infected animals compared to NiVM.

Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: a systematic review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Julii Brainard, Natalia R. Jones, Florence C.D. Harrison, Charlotte C. Hammer, Iain R. Lake

Year: 2023

Journal: Annals of Epidemiology

Summary#

The study reviews research on individuals who have transmitted pathogens causing SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. It found that the most typical super-spreader is a male age 40+, with SARS and MERS super-spreaders often symptomatic and middle-aged/older adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age.

Evolution of Nipah Virus Infection: Past, Present, and Future Considerations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Naomi Hauser, Alexis C. Gushiken, Shivakumar Narayanan, Shyam Kottilil, Joel V. Chua

Year: 2021

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Review

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010024

Summary#

This paper reviews the evolution of Nipah virus infection, its epidemiology, microbiology, and the therapeutic agents and vaccines in development.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with bat reservoir hosts
Human infections with NiV have varying symptoms including fever, rapid neurological decline, and respiratory symptoms
Nearly annual outbreaks have been described since 1998 with case fatality rates reaching greater than 90%
The lack of effective therapy or vaccines makes NiV’s pandemic potential significant

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Vertical Transfer of Humoral Immunity against Nipah Virus: A Novel Evidence from Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Syed Moinuddin Satter, Arifa Nazneen, Wasik Rahman Aquib, Sharmin Sultana, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, John D. Klena, Joel M. Montgomery, Tahmina Shirin

Year: 2023

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010016

Summary#

This paper describes the first confirmed case of vertical transfer of humoral immunity against Nipah virus from a mother to her newborn in Bangladesh.

Key Findings#

The mother and daughter from Faridpur district of Bangladesh were infected with Nipah virus, with the daughter passing away and the mother surviving with neurological impairment.
Despite testing negative for anti-Nipah IgM and PCR for NiV, a high titre of anti-Nipah IgG was observed in the newborn.
The transfer of humoral immunity against Nipah virus from mother to neonate was confirmed.

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Geographic Focus: Faridpur district, Bangladesh
Time Period: January 2020

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Immunology, Case Study

Inference of Nipah virus evolution, 1999–2015

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shannon L.M. Whitmer, Michael K. Lo, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Sara Zufan, Emily S. Gurley, Sharmin Sultana, Brian Amman, Jason T. Ladner, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Stephanie Doan, Syed M. Satter, Meerjady S. Flora, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John D. Klena

Year: 2021

Journal: Virus Evolution

DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa062

Summary#

Researchers generated 35 additional full-length genomic sequences of Nipah virus directly from human specimens and viral isolates in Bangladesh to study its temporal and geographic evolution. They observed two distinct clades that intermingled over time and space, but did not find significant branch or site-specific selection except for a single site in the Henipavirus L polymerase.

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Raina K. Plowright, Peter J. Hudson

Year: 2021

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v13071298

Summary#

This paper discusses the need for a transdisciplinary approach to prevent the spillover of henipaviruses, a group of viruses derived from bats that frequently cross species barriers and can cause high human mortality.

Key Findings#

The paper outlines the transdisciplinary approach needed to prevent the spillover process and future pandemics.
The focus is on the potential for preventing the spillover of henipaviruses.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Henipavirus Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis Mechanisms: Lessons Learnt from Natural Infection and Animal Models

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Philip Lawrence, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14050936

Summary#

This review provides an overview of the pathogenicity mechanisms and interactions between Henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra) and their hosts in various species including bats, pigs, horses, humans, and experimental animal models. The findings could aid in developing new therapeutic strategies against these re-emerging viruses.

Key Findings#

Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxoviruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans.
Observed fatality rates for HeV and NiV in humans are up to 60% and 92%, respectively.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Inactivation Methods for Experimental Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lina Widerspick, Cecilia Alejandra Vázquez, Linda Niemetz, Michelle Heung, Catherine Olal, András Bencsik, Christoph Henkel, Anneke Pfister, Jesús Emanuel Brunetti, Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze, Philip Lawrence, César Muñoz Fontela, Sandra Diederich, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14051052

Summary#

The paper evaluates the efficacy of various physical and chemical inactivation methods for Nipah virus (NiV) in infected cells, supernatants, and organs.

Key Findings#

Several physical and chemical inactivation methods were assessed
Methods were evaluated for their efficacy at inactivating NiV

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: N/A (cells, supernatants, and organs)

Topics#

Virology, Infectious Diseases

Nipah Virus Infection Generates Ordered Structures in Cellulo

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Cecilia Alejandra Vázquez, Lina Widerspick, Roland Thuenauer, Carola Schneider, Rudolph Reimer, Pedro Neira, Catherine Olal, Michelle Heung, Linda Niemetz, Philip Lawrence, Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze, Lars Redecke, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14071523

Summary#

This paper describes the formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection.

Key Findings#

Formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational

Topics#

Virology

Relevance#

Understanding the formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection may help in developing strategies to combat this deadly zoonotic paramyxovirus.

First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Leonardo H. Almeida Hernández, Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio S. da Silva, Bruno C. Veloso de Barros, Bruno T. Diniz Nunes, Lívia M. Neves Casseb, Daniele B. Almeida Medeiros, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, Ana C. Ribeiro Cruz

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14102167

Summary#

This paper reports the discovery of a novel henipa-like virus from opossums in a forest fragment area in Brazil, emphasizing the importance of further studies to characterize this virus and clarify its ecology, impact on public health, and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and henipaviruses.

Animal Models for Henipavirus Research

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Declan D. Pigeaud, Thomas W. Geisbert, Courtney Woolsey

Year: 2023

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v15101980

Summary#

This paper reviews various animal models used for studying Henipavirus (Hendra virus and Nipah virus) pathogenesis and medical countermeasures.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Henipaviruses, Animal Models, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Zoonosis, Vaccines, Antivirals, Monoclonal Antibodies, Pathogenesis, Medical Countermeasures

Relevance#

The paper discusses the importance of animal models in advancing our understanding of Henipavirus pathogenesis and developing medical countermeasures.

Structural Studies of Henipavirus Glycoproteins

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Aaron J., Priyamvada Acharya

Year: 2024

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v16020195

Summary#

This paper reviews the available structural information on Henipavirus glycoproteins, which are important for understanding viral entry and developing vaccines and therapies.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses rely on two surface glycoproteins (attachment and fusion proteins) for host cell entry.
The attachment protein is a tetrameric structure, but its biologically relevant states are unclear.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Viruses, Glycoproteins, Paramyxoviridae, Viral Entry

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats