Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis
Authors: Luigi Bruno, Maria Anna Nappo, Luca Ferrari, Rosanna Di Lecce, Chiara Guarnieri, Anna Maria Cantoni, Attilio Corradi
Year: 2023
Journal: Animals
DOI: 10.3390/ani13010159
Summary
This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention, and legislation related to Nipah virus infection, focusing on its zoonotic potential in swine. It highlights the severity of the disease in humans and pigs, with respiratory and neurological signs and high mortality.
Key Findings
- NiV is caused by a Henipavirus and primarily infects fruit bats but can also affect domestic animals like pigs, horses, dogs, and cats
- The disease can lead to severe symptoms and death in humans and pigs
- Human-to-human transmission of NiV has been recorded
- Effective treatments and prophylaxis are still a goal due to limited understanding of the infection in humans
- Climate change and anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems should be considered as factors contributing to the spread of zoonoses
Methodology
- Study Type: Review
Topics
Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy
Relevance
The review emphasizes the importance of monitoring areas at risk to prevent the onset and diffusion of outbreaks, especially in countries with direct/indirect relationships with regions at risk.
Source
View the entire paper: File:Animals-13-00159.pdf