Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition

Authors: Ranjeet Maurya, Aparna Swaminathan, Uzma Shamim, Smriti Arora, Pallavi Mishra, Aakarshan Raina, Varsha Ravi, Bansidhar Tarai, Sandeep Budhiraja, Rajesh Pandey

Year: 2023

Journal: iScience

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108336

Summary

The study investigates the differential host-immune kinetics associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants during different time periods of Pre-VOC and VOCs (Delta & Omicron). The findings suggest that Omicron infection is marked by a robust type 1 interferon response, which was largely missing during Pre-VOC and Delta waves. The study highlights the eventual adaptation of host to immune activation patterns that interrupt virus evolution with enhanced immune-evasion mutations and counteraction mechanisms.

Key Findings

Omicron infection was marked by a robust type 1 interferon response
SARS-CoV-2 N protein exhibited differential host protein interaction in VOCs
Docking showed better viral replication in Pre-VOC whilst viral clearance in Omicron
ZFPs in Omicron infection further supported its strong antiviral response

Methodology

Study Type: Longitudinal investigation
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: India
Time Period: Different time periods of Pre-VOC and VOCs (Delta & Omicron)

Topics

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical, Immunology

Relevance

The study provides insights into the host-immune response trajectories associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is crucial for understanding the evolution of COVID-19 and potential strategies for controlling it.

Source

View the entire paper: File:Main.pdf