Nipah Virus Research Library

Global dynamics of a compartmental model to assess the effect of transmission from deceased

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Saumen Barua, Attila Dénes

Year: 2023

Journal: Mathematical Biosciences

Summary#

This paper presents a compartmental model for the spread of a disease with an imperfect vaccine, considering transmission from deceased infected. The global dynamics are analyzed through Lyapunov functions and numerical simulations.

Key Findings#

The importance of transmission from the deceased is assessed for Ebola virus disease, COVID-19, and Nipah fever.

Methodology#

Study Type: Mathematical Model

Topics#

Epidemiology, Compartmental Models, Vaccination, Global Dynamics

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lai-Meng LOOI MD, FRCPath, Kaw-Bing CHUA* MD, FRCPath

Year: 2007

Journal: Malaysian J Pathol

Summary#

The Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia (1998/1999) resulted in 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths and caused near total collapse of the billion-dollar pig-farming industry. The paper discusses the epidemiology, clinico-pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of this new disease.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus targeted medium-sized and small blood vessels resulting in endothelial multinucleated syncytia and fibrinoid necrosis.
Autopsies revealed disseminated cerebral microinfarctions resulting from vasculitis-induced thrombosis and direct neuronal involvement.
Nipah virus was discovered in the urine and saliva of Malaysian Island flying foxes, implicating them as natural reservoir hosts.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Malaysia and Singapore
Time Period: September 1998 to May 1999

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vincent P. Hsu, Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Umesh D. Parashar, Mohammed Monsur Ali, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Charles Rupprecht, Joseph Bresee, Robert F. Breiman

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

Two outbreaks of encephalitis in Meherpur and Naogaon, Bangladesh, occurred in 2001 and 2003. The paper investigates these outbreaks, identifies cases through serum sampling, and suggests that transmission may occur through close contact with other patients or from exposure to a common source.

A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivier Uwishema, Jack Wellington, Christin Berjaoui, Kamsi Olivia Muoka, Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka, Helen Onyeaka

Year: 2022

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Summary#

This paper discusses the recent re-emergence of Nipah virus (NiV) in India’s Kozhikode district, causing the death of a 12-year-old boy. The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the severe impact of the virus on affected populations.

Key Findings#

There was a recent re-emergence of Nipah virus in India’s Kozhikode district, causing a death.
The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the impact of the virus.

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: India’s Kozhikode district
Time Period: September 5, 2021

Topics#

Nipah virus, Outbreak

A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivier Uwishema, Jack Wellington, Christin Berjaoui, Kamsi Olivia Muoka, Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka, Helen Onyeaka

Year: 2022

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Summary#

Key Findings#

There was a recent re-emergence of Nipah virus in India’s Kozhikode district, causing a death.
The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the impact of the virus.

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: India’s Kozhikode district
Time Period: September 5, 2021

Topics#

Nipah virus, Outbreak

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Nipah Virus-associated Encephalitis Outbreak, Siliguri, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Mandeep S. Chadha, James A. Comer, Luis Lowe, Paul A. Rota, Pierre E. Rollin, William J. Bellini, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Akhilesh C. Mishra

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: Not specified in the text

PMID: Not specified in the text

Summary#

An outbreak of febrile illness associated with altered sensorium was observed in Siliguri, India. Laboratory investigations initially failed to identify an infectious agent, but retrospective analysis detected NiV-specific antibodies and RNA in 9 patients and 5 urine samples respectively.

Projecting vaccine demand and impact for emerging zoonotic pathogens

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anita Lerch, Quirine A. ten Bosch, Maïna L’Azou Jackson, Alison A. Bettis, Mauro Bernuzzi, Georgina A. V. Murphy, Quan M. Tran, John H. Huber, Amir S. Siraj, Gebbiena M. Bron, Margaret Elliott, Carson S. Hartlage, Sojung Koh, Kathyrn Strimbu, Magdalene Walters, T. Alex Perkins, Sean M. Moore

Year: 2024

Journal: BMC Medicine

DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02405-1

Summary#

The paper develops a modeling framework to assess sustainable vaccine manufacturing needs and potential impact of outbreak response for four priority pathogens: Lassa virus, Nipah virus, MERS coronavirus, and Rift Valley virus.

Ribavirin Therapy for Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Guillaume, Cantamin, Loth, Georges-Courbot, Lefeuvre, Maraianneau, Chua, Lam, Buckland, Deubel, Wild

Year: 2004

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10211.2004

Summary#

This paper presents a study on the effectiveness of ribavirin therapy in treating Nipah virus infection in mice and humans, contradicting a previous statement that ribavirin was ineffective based on limited data.

Key Findings#

In an open-label study, mortality was significantly lower in patients with Nipah virus encephalitis treated with ribavirin compared to controls (32% vs. 54%, P ⫽ 0.011)
Duration of ventilation and total hospital stay were both significantly shorter in the ribavirin group compared to controls (P ⫽ 0.0002 and <0.0001, respectively)

Methodology#

Study Type: Open-label study
Sample Size: 140 patients with Nipah virus encephalitis
Geographic Focus: Malaysia
Time Period: 1998

Topics#

Virology, Clinical

A Brighton Collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit/risk assessment for a soluble glycoprotein vaccine to prevent disease caused by Nipah or Hendra viruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: John H. Eldridge, Michael A. Egan, Demetrius Matassov, Stefan Hamm, Luz Hermida, Tracy Chen, Marc Tremblay, Susan Sciotto-Brown, Rong Xu, Antony Dimitrov, Emily R. Smith, Marc Gurwith, Robert T. Chen

Year: 2021

Journal: Vaccine

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

Summary#

A protein vaccine for Nipah and Hendra viruses is under clinical evaluation in a Phase 1 study. The paper discusses the standardized template to describe key considerations for the benefit-risk assessment of this type of vaccine.

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Encephalitis-predominant Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala, India during 2024

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Rima R. Sahay, Deepak Y. Patil, Shubin Chenayil, Anita M. Shete, Kannan Sabarinath PS, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, R. Balasubramanian, Satish Gaikwad, Siba S, Arun Thachappully Remesh, Pankaj Singh, Lekshmi S. Rajan, Pragya D. Yadav

Year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Infection and Public Health

Summary#

Two Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala, India during 2024 were predominantly encephalitis cases with no secondary transmission observed.

Key Findings#

AES-predominant outbreaks in Kerala (2019, 2021, and 2024) had no human-to-human transmission compared to ARDS-predominant outbreaks
Early detection, efficient containment, and improved surveillance were important measures in preventing secondary transmission

Methodology#

Study Type: Short Report
Geographic Focus: Malappuram, Kerala, India
Time Period: 2024 (July and September)

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Babasaheb V Tandale, Rahul Narang, G Vijay Kumar, Manish Jain, Shilpa J Tomar, Pravin S Deshmukh

Year: 2023

Journal: Not specified from text

DOI: S097475591600546

Summary#

This paper discusses changes in the causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in India over the past decade, with a focus on the rise of Nipah virus and other infections like Chandipura, chikungunya, dengue, and West Nile. The paper highlights the importance of the One Health approach and recent advances in diagnostic testing.

Optimal control analysis for the Nipah infection with constant and time-varying vaccination and treatment under real data application

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Younas Khan, Saif Ullah, Muhammad Farooq, Basem Al Alwan, Abdul Baseer Saqib

Year: 2024

Journal: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper formulates a mathematical model to analyze the dynamics and optimal control of Nipah virus (NiV). The model considers human-to-human and food-borne transmission, as well as contact with an infected corpse. The paper fits the model to reported cases in Bangladesh from 2001 to 2015, performs sensitivity analysis, and derives necessary optimality conditions.

Community willingness to participate in a Nipah vaccine trial in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nazmun Nahar, Shahana Parveen, Emily S. Gurley, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Ishrat Jabeen, Md. Rifat Haidar, Farhat Jahan, Mohammad Saeed Munim, Kanij Fatema Chanda, Md. Wazed Ali, Zubair Akhtar, Tahmina Shirin, Sayera Banu, Atique Iqbal Chowdhury, Asraful Alam, Brian E. Dawes, Joan Fusco, Thomas P. Monath, Gray Heppner, Stephen P. Luby

Year: 2025

Journal: Vaccine

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper explores people’s knowledge about Nipah virus and their willingness to participate in a vaccine trial in Bangladesh.

Global and regional mortality statistics of nipah virus from 1994 to 2023: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Srivatsa Surya Vasudevana, Arun Subashb, Fena Mehtac, Tiba Yamin Kandrikard, Rupak Desaie, Kaif Khan, Sneha Khandujag, Aakanksha Pitliyah, Lekhya Raavii, Sai Gautham Kanagalaj, Piyush Gondaliyak

Year: 2024

Journal: Pathogens and Global Health

DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2380131

Summary#

This paper reports a significant increase in the global mortality rate of Nipah virus from 54.1% (2004–2013) to 80.1% (2014–2023). India has the highest mortality rate at 82.7% (1994–2023), and encephalitis is the primary cause of death.

Henipavirus Encephalitis: Recent Developments and Advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kien Chai Ong, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2015

Journal: Brain Pathology

DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12278

Summary#

This paper discusses the clinical manifestations and pathological features of Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which cause severe and often fatal outbreaks in humans and animals.

Key Findings#

Both HeV and NiV cause an acute encephalitic syndrome
Pathological features include disseminated, multi-organ vasculopathy and parenchymal cell infection
Both viruses can cause relapsing encephalitis

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Philippines
Time Period: 1990s to present

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Navigating Nipah virus: Insights, challenges, and recommendations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Hassan Hafeez, Hafsa Ajmal, Amna Nadeem, Shehroze Tabassum, Aymar Akilimali, *

Year: 2025

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

Summary#

This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a biosafety level 4 and category C pathogen belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus
NiV infections range from mild to severe, with an incubation period of 4–14 days and initial symptoms including fever, headache, and respiratory distress
Notably, NiV-MY proves more virulent than NiV-BD, highlighting genotypic variations

Methodology#

Study Type: Mini-Narrative Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Nipah Virus Infection Outbreak with Nosocomial and Corpse-to-Human Transmission, Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: M.S. Sazzad, M. Jahangir Hossain, Emily S. Gurley, Kazi M.H. Ameen, Shahana Parveen, M. Saiful Islam, Labib I. Faruque, Goutam Podder, Sultana S. Banu, Michael K. Lo, Pierre E. Rollin, Paul A. Rota, Peter Daszak, Mahmudur Rahman, Stephen P. Luby

Year: 2010

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal

DOI: 10.3201/eid1902.120971

Summary#

This paper reports an encephalitis cluster and sporadic cases of Nipah virus infection in Faridpur, Bangladesh in January 2010. The study found that 14 out of 16 casepatients died, with transmission occurring through caregivers’ exposure to infected patients’ bodily secretions during care and traditional burial practices.

Surveillance for Nipah virus in Thailand's bat population

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Boonlert Lumlertdacha, Kalyanee Boongird, Sawai Wanghongsa, Lawan Chanhome, Pierre Rollin, Patrick Stockton, Charles E. Rupprecht, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Thiravat Hemachudha

Year: 2004

Summary#

This paper discusses a study conducted in Thailand to survey for Nipah virus (NV) in the bat population. NV antibodies were detected in 82 of 1304 bats, and NV RNA was found in bat saliva and urine, suggesting persistent infection.

Key Findings#

NV antibodies detected in 82 out of 1304 bats
NV RNA found in bat saliva and urine

Methodology#

Study Type: Surveillance study
Sample Size: 1304 bats
Geographic Focus: Thailand (central, eastern, southern)
Time Period: March 2002 to February 2004

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Antibody response in symptomatic & asymptomatic Nipah virus cases from Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4388_20

Summary#

The study evaluates antibody response among symptomatic survivors of NiV infection and their asymptomatic contacts identified during 2018 and 2019 NiV outbreaks from Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Anti-NiV IgM was detectable from 5th POD to 27th POD
Anti-NiV IgG was detected for more than one year among symptomatic NiV cases

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational Study
Sample Size: 3 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: (2018 to 2019)

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Characterization of TheWe: Isolation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Nipah Virus from Pteropus vampyrus Bats

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sohayati A. Rahman, Sharifah S. Hassan, Kevin J. Olival, Maizan Mohamed, Li-Yen Chang, Latiffah Hassan, Norsharina M. Saad, Syamsiah A. Shohaimi, Zaini C. Mamat, M.S. Naim, Jonathan H. Epstein, Arshad S. Suri, Hume E. Field, Peter Daszak

Year: 2016

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid1612.091790

Summary#

The paper isolates and characterizes Nipah virus (NiV) from Pteropus vampyrus bats, the suspected reservoir for a 1998 outbreak in Malaysia. The study provides evidence of viral recrudescence and shows that these bats can harbor latent infections.

Emerging threat: Nipah virus - A call for global preparedness and vigilance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2024

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

The paper discusses the emergence of Nipah virus as a global public health threat, with recent outbreaks in Bangladesh raising concerns. There is currently no specific therapeutic intervention for infected individuals.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is highly virulent and prone to mutation
First human cases were reported between September 1998 and April 1999 in the Malaysian-Singaporean peninsula, with subsequent outbreaks in various countries
Fruit bats are the natural host of Nipah virus, while pigs may act as domestic animal intermediate amplifying hosts
Three routes of transmission are identified: eating fruit contaminated with NiV, coming into close contact with infected human bodily fluids, or getting in touch with the excretions or secretions of infected animals
A recent outbreak in Bangladesh has resulted in a case-fatality ratio (CFR) of 100%, highlighting the need for research and development of vaccines and treatments

Methodology#

Study Type: Letter to the Editor
Geographic Focus: [‘Malaysia’, ‘Singapore’, ‘India’, ‘Bangladesh’, ‘Philippines’]
Time Period: 1998-2024

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical, Policy

Observational study on the clinical epidemiology of infectious acute encephalitis syndrome including Nipah virus disease, Bangladesh: BASE cohort study protocol

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Dewan Imtiaz Rahman, Sharmin Sultana, Mahbubur Rahman, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Md Wasik Rahman, Laura Merson, Esteban Garcia, Jake Dunning, Josephine Bourner, Shadman Sakib Choudhury, Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury, Khalequ Zaman, Sharful Islam Khan, Mohammad Hasan Tarik, Shahida Yeasmin, Faruk Ahammad, Abu Faisal Md Pervez, Md Mahfuzer Rahman, Abu Rayhan Md Suja-Ud-Doula, John D Klena, Christina F Spiropoulou, Trevor R Shoemaker, Sayera Banu, Joel Montgomery, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Tahmina Shirin, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Peter Horby, Piero Olliaro

Outbreak of Henipavirus Infection, Philippines, 2014

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Paola Katrina G. Ching, Vikki Carr de los Reyes, Maria Nemia Sucaldito, Enrique Tayag, Alah Baby Columna-Vingno, Fedelino F. Malbas Jr., Gilbert C. Bolo Jr., James J. Sejvar, Debbie Eagles, Geoffrey Playford, Erica Dueger, Yoshihiro Kaku, Shigeru Morikawa, Makoto Kuroda, Glenn A. Marsh, Sam McCullough, A. Ruth Foxwell

Year: 2014

Journal: Dispatches

DOI: 10.3201/eid2102.141433

Summary#

During 2014, an outbreak of henipavirus infection occurred in southern Philippines among humans and horses, with high fatality rates among humans due to human-to-human and horse-to-human transmission. The likely source of horse infection was fruit bats.

Understanding and addressing the global impact: A systematic review and cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of Langya henipavirus and preexisting severe henipaviruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jian-Di Li, Yu-Qing Liu, Rong-Quan He, Zhi-Guang Huang, Wan-Ying Huang, Hong Huang, Zhi-Hong Liu, Gang Chen

Year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Infection and Public Health

Summary#

This paper provides an overview of the scientific landscape, highlights research focus areas, and outlines potential future investigations on Langya henipavirus. It was done via a systematic review and bibliometric analysis over the past two decades.

Key Findings#

Henipavirus research has increased at an annual rate of 8.82% over the past two decades
The United States leads in research output, with the Australian Animal Health Laboratory as the top institution
Most articles are published in the Journal of Virology, identified as the most influential journal
Current research focuses on ‘zoonosis’, ‘vaccine’, and ‘pathogenesis’
Future areas may include ‘molecular docking’, ‘immunoinformatics’, ‘climate change’, ‘antibodies’, ‘vaccines’, ‘glycoprotein’, and ‘ephrin-b2’

Methodology#

Study Type: Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Time Period: 1995-2022

Topics#

Henipavirus, Research Output, United States, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Journal of Virology, Wang LF, Zoonosis, Vaccine, Pathogenesis, Molecular Docking, Immunoinformatics, Climate Change, Antibodies, Vaccines, Glycoprotein, Ephrin-b2

A Comparative Analysis of Statistical Methods to Estimate the Reproduction Number in Emerging Epidemics, With Implications for the Current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Megan O’Driscoll, Carole Harry, Christl A. Donnelly, Anne Cori, Ilaria Dorigatti

Year: 2024

Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper compares seven statistical methods to estimate the reproduction number (R0) in emerging epidemics, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic, and finds that most methods overestimate R0 in the early stages of epidemic growth.

Key Findings#

Most statistical methods overestimate R0 in the early stages of epidemic growth
The magnitude of overestimation decreases when fitted to an increasing number of time points

Methodology#

Study Type: Simulation and Empirical Study
Sample Size: Simulated epidemic data and Zika surveillance data from Latin America and the Caribbean
Geographic Focus: Global for simulation, Latin America and the Caribbean for empirical study
Time Period: 2015–2016

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

Advancements in Nipah virus treatment: Analysis of current progress in vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Gayatree Mishra, Vishal Prajapat, Debasis Nayak

Year: 2024

Journal: Immunology

DOI: 10.1111/imm.13695

Summary#

This paper discusses the current progress in NiV-vaccine research and therapeutic options, including mAbs and antiviral medications.

Key Findings#

Several potential vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in animal models
Some of these candidate vaccines have entered further clinical trials
Research has identified a handful of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of neutralizing the virion
Progress in discovering potential antiviral drugs has been limited

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: South-Asian and South-East Asian countries, Africa, and Australia

Topics#

Vaccines, Antivirals, Therapeutics, Nipah virus

Detection of possible Nipah virus infection in Rousettus leschenaultii and Pipistrellus Pipistrellus bats in Maharashtra, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Journal of Infection and Public Health

Summary#

A cross-sectional survey was initiated to study the prevalence of Nipah virus in bats of India by random sampling. During March 2020, two species of bats were trapped and tested for the presence of Nipah virus.

Methodology#

Study Type: Cross-sectional Survey
Sample Size: 65 R. leschenaultii and 15 P. pipistrellus bats
Geographic Focus: Maharashtra, India
Time Period: 2020

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Bat Study, Epidemiology

Hendra and Nipah viruses: different and dangerous

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Bryan T. Eaton, Christopher C. Broder, Deborah Middleton, Lin-Fa Wang

Year: 2024

Journal: Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1323

Summary#

This paper reviews Hendra and Nipah viruses, highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that have recently emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock. The review describes the unique genetic constitution, high virulence, and wide host range of these emerging human pathogens.

Key Findings#

Hendra and Nipah viruses are highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses with a bat origin
They cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock in various locations
Their unique genetic constitution, high virulence, and wide host range set them apart from other paramyxoviruses

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats

Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jorge Quarleri, Verónica Galvan, M. Victoria Delpino

Year: 2022

Journal: GeroScience

DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00670-9

Summary#

This paper reviews the pathogenicity and interaction with the human immune system of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses that can cause severe disease in humans and various mammalian species.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses that cause severe disease outbreaks in humans with mortality rates reaching up to 90%.
There are no approved treatment modalities for NiV and HeV, which can infect a wide range of wild and domestic animals.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kristine M. Smith, Catherine C. Machala, Richard Seifman, Yasha Feferholtz, William B. Kares, EcoHealth Alliance, City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, United Nations Association-National Capital Area, Working Group on Wildlife, World Organisation for Animal Health

Year: 2019

Journal: One Health

DOI: 10.xxxx/100080 or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This paper argues for considering the wider socioeconomic consequences of infectious disease events beyond traditional public health sectors.

'The Bug Stops Here!’ Nipah Encephalitis; Kerala

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2019

Summary#

A case study of a man with Nipah encephalitis presenting with high fever, neurological symptoms, and MRI findings of multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the brain (Starry sky appearance). The patient was treated with Ribavirin, IVIG, and isolation precautions.

Key Findings#

Nipah infection (NiV) recently claimed 17 lives in Kerala Outbreak of May 2018
The patient presented with high grade fever, chills, rigors, fever, conjunctival congestion, drowsiness, dysarthria, severe ataxia, myoclonus, tachycardia, and tachypnea
MRI showed multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and ponto-mesencephalic area with restricted diffusion (Starry sky appearance)
CSF tested positive for NiV on day 2
The patient was started on oral Ribavirin for 11 days

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 1
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May 2018

Topics#

Nipah, Encephalitis, MRI, Ribavirin, Case Study

1-s2.0-S0042682207007593-main

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Source#

Download PDF

Nipah: The looming post-covid pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivia Sekimoto, Francesco Chiappelli

Year: 2024

Journal: Bioinformation

DOI: 10.6026/973206300200001

Summary#

This paper discusses the potential threat of Nipah virus as a possible post-covid pandemic.

Methodology#

Study Type: Editorial

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Relevance#

This editorial highlights the potential impact and risk of Nipah virus as a post-covid pandemic.

Source#

Download PDF

Predictors of mortality among critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients—a retrospective cohort study, Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anil Sathyadas, Aravind Reghukumar, Thekkumkara Surendran Anish, Gnanaseelan Kanakamma Libu, Vishnu Narayan Kiran, Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan Prajitha, Anisha Sharahudeen, Dhanusha Chandran, Muralidharan Rohini Athirarani, L. Sindhu, Parackalparambil Sukumaran Sona, Thekkumkara Prabhakaran Sreekanth, Sujatha Chintha, Thomas Iype, Muthezhathu Kesavadas Suresh, Kavitha Ravi, K. Rajamohanan, Thomas Mathew, John Panicker, M. K. C. Nair, A. Nizarudeen, Parameswaran Hari

Year: 2025

Journal: Front. Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1635476

Summary#

This paper is a retrospective cohort study identifying predictors of mortality among critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in Kerala, India.

The deadly drink: Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap, cultural practices and the evolution of behavioral interventions in Bangladesh over two decades

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Dalia Yeasmin, Md Mosabber Hossain, Saleh Haider, Mahbubur Rahman, Md Zakiul Hassan

Year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Infection and Public Health

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

The paper discusses Nipah virus transmission in Bangladesh through raw date palm sap consumption, and the challenges in achieving sustainable change due to deep-seated cultural practices. Future efforts should focus on community-led solutions and behavior change communication.

The rising threat of Nipah virus: a highly contagious and deadly zoonotic pathogen

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arindam Ganguly, Saptarshi Mahapatra, Shibsankar Ray, Sayantan Chattopadhyay, Md. Jabiul Islam, Sathi Garai, Tapas Kumar Dutta, Manasi Chattaraj, Sourav Chattaraj

Year: 2025

Journal: Virology Journal

DOI: 10.1186/s12985-025-02728-4

Summary#

This paper reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and modes of transmission of Nipah virus infection, its geographical distribution, and endemic regions.

Key Findings#

NiV is a highly virulent zoonotic infectious agent that poses a significant threat to public health.
The virus can spread via different routes, including zoonotic spillover and human-to-human transmission.
Clinical manifestations include mild respiratory illness and severe and fatal encephalitis with a case fatality rate of 40 to 75%.
NiV has been reported in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India, with fruit bats serving as natural reservoirs.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

A large-scale behavior change intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh: components and costs

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nahar, Asaduzzaman, Sultana, Garcia, Paul, Abedin, Sazzad, Rahman, Gurley, Luby

Year: 2017

Journal: BMC Research Notes

DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2549-1

Summary#

This paper measures the cost of an intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh and estimates the cost of scaling it up in districts where spillover has been identified.

Key Findings#

$30,000 for ’no raw sap’ intervention
$55,000 for ‘only safe sap’ intervention
Highest cost was conducting meetings and interpersonal communication efforts
Lowest cost was broadcasting public service announcements on local TV channels
Scaling up a similar intervention in 30 districts would cost between $2.6 and $3.5 million

Methodology#

Study Type: Intervention Study
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: 2012–2014

Topics#

Nipah Virus Infection, Behavior Change Communication Intervention, Prevention, Cost Analysis, Bangladesh

Bats Without Borders: Long-Distance Movements and Implications for Disease Risk Management

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Andrew C. Breed, Hume E. Field, Craig S. Smith, Joanne Edmonston, Joanne Meers

Year: 2010

Journal: EcoHealth

DOI: 10.1007/s10393-010-0332-z

Summary#

This paper studies the long-distance movements of three species of fruit bats (Pteropus alecto, P. vampyrus, and P. neohibernicus) to determine their potential to transfer zoonotic viruses between countries in Australia, Asia, and surrounding islands.

Key Findings#

Pteropus alecto individuals were observed moving between Australia and Papua New Guinea on four occasions.
Ten observations of Pteropus alecto movements between Papua New Guinea (Western Province) and Indonesia (Papua) were recorded.
Two instances of Torres Strait crossings by Pteropus alecto were observed.
One observation of Pteropus vampyrus moving between Timor-Leste and Indonesia (West Timor) was documented.
These findings expand upon the current literature on the potential for transfer of zoonotic viruses by flying-foxes between countries.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational
Sample Size: 9 individuals across three species
Geographic Focus: Australia, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and Timor-Leste

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Designing potential siRNA molecules for silencing the gene of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus: A computational investigation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: AMUB Mahfuz, Md. Arif Khan, Emran Hossain Sajib, Anamika Deb, Shafi Mahmud, Mahmudul Hasan, Otun Saha, Ariful Islam, Md. Mizanur Rahaman, **

Year: 2022

Journal: Infection, Genetics and Evolution

DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105310 or null

Summary#

This paper designs potential siRNA molecules to silence the gene of the nucleocapsid protein of Nipah virus, aiming to combat the virus due to its crucial role in viral replication.

Key Findings#

Ten prospective siRNAs were identified for NiV’s nucleocapsid gene
Off-target binding, GC content, secondary structure, binding affinity with the target, melting temperature, efficacy analysis, and binding capacity with human argonaute protein 2 (AGO2) of these siRNAs were evaluated.
Designed siRNA molecules show promise in silencing NiV’s gene encoding the nucleocapsid protein.

Methodology#

Study Type: Computational Investigation
Sample Size: 10 siRNAs
Geographic Focus: Various countries
Time Period: null

Topics#

Virology, siRNA, Nipah Virus

Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Yan-Qun Sun, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Mei-Chen Liu, Jin-Jin Chen, Ting-Ting Li, Yan-Ning Liu

Year: 2024

Journal: Lancet Planet Health

DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00119-0

Summary#

This study maps the distribution of Nipah virus infections using geospatial modeling analysis.

Key Findings#

The study provides a detailed map of Nipah virus infections across China.
The findings highlight areas with high risk for Nipah virus transmission.

Methodology#

Study Type: Geospatial Modelling Analysis
Geographic Focus: China

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization’s List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Caleb R. S. McEntire, Kun-Wei Song, Robert P. McInnis, John Y. Rhee, Michael Young, Erika Williams, Leah L. Wibecan, Neal Nolan, Amanda M. Nagy, Jeffrey Gluckstein, Shibani S. Mukerji, Farrah J. Mateen

Year: 2021

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827

Summary#

This paper reviews the neurological manifestations of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist’s lens.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Time Period: 1934 to August 2020

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Neurology

Nipah virus infection in humans in Kerala, India: Hypothesis of air-borne transmission

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2025

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.25259/IJMR_2180_2024

Summary#

The paper discusses the potential airborne transmission of Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India based on evidence from studies and outbreaks in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and other regions.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus was first discovered in Malaysia among swineherds and is enzootic in Pteropus bats or flying foxes.
Since 2001, recurrent NiV outbreaks have been reported in India and Bangladesh.
In Malaysia, transmission from pigs to humans occurred through close contact with respiratory secretions.
In Bangladesh, airborne transmission is speculated but not conclusively proven due to low virus concentration in the environment.
Bats in Bangladesh and West Bengal were infected with NiV by or before 2000 winter, and the territory of bat infection seems to have expanded to Kerala.

Methodology#

Study Type: Perspective
Geographic Focus: [‘Kerala, India’, ‘Malaysia’, ‘Bangladesh’]
Time Period: 1998-2025

Topics#

Nipah virus, Epidemiology, Virology, Policy

A review of the nipah virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sumit Paliwal, Suneet Shinu, Rubina Saha

Year: 2024

Journal: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00666-5

Summary#

This paper reviews the Nipah Virus (NiV), an emerging zoonotic disease primarily found in Southeast Asian regions with the highest number of cases in Bangladesh and India. The virus has a high fatality rate and there is no approved treatment or vaccine.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) was first discovered in Malaysia in 1999
Pteropus fruit bats are the natural reservoirs for NiV
The highest number of cases is in Bangladesh, with a fatality rate of 65%
The highest mortality has been observed in India at 73%
There is no approved treatment or vaccine for NiV

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Southeast Asian regions

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Exact calculation of end-of-outbreak probabilities using contact tracing data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: N. V. Bradbury, W. S. Hart, F. A. Lovell-Read, J. A. Polonsky, R. N. Thompson

Year: 2023

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society Interface

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0374

Summary#

This paper presents a method for calculating the exact end-of-outbreak probability using contact tracing data, which can inform public health policymakers about when an infectious disease outbreak has finished.

Key Findings#

The traced transmission method can calculate the end-of-outbreak probability exactly if who-infected-whom data is available (e.g., from contact tracing studies).
Applying the traced transmission method to Ebola virus disease and Nipah virus infection outbreaks would have determined that the outbreak was over earlier than the existing Nishiura method.

Methodology#

Study Type: Theoretical/Modeling

Topics#

Mathematical Modeling, Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Human Exposure to Bats, Rodents and Monkeys in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ireen Sultana Shanta, Stephen P. Luby, Kamal Hossain, James D. Heffelfinger, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Najmul Haider, Taifur Rahman, Shovon Chakma, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Yushuf Sharker, Juliet R. C. Pulliam, Erin D. Kennedy, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2023

Journal: EcoHealth

DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01628-9

Summary#

The paper describes the frequency of human exposure to bats, rodents, and monkeys in Bangladesh and identifies geographic and seasonal variations. The study was conducted in a nationally representative sample of households from 1001 communities between 2013-2016.

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

In silico prediction of interaction between Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein and host cell receptors Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3 in domestic and peridomestic mammals

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ananya Ferdous Hoque, Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Ayeasha Siddika Lamia, Ariful Islam, John D. Klena, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Jonathan H. Epstein, Joel M. Montgomery, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Tahmina Shirin, Iqbal Kabir Jahid, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Year: 2023

Journal: Infection, Genetics and Evolution

DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105516

Summary#

This paper investigates the binding affinity of Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein to host cell receptors Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3 in domestic and peridomestic mammals commonly found in Bangladesh.

Response of the health system in Nipah outbreak in Ernakulam district: A qualitative analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vishnu B. Menon, Leyanna Susan George

Year: 2021

Journal: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_801_21

Summary#

This study qualitatively analyzes the response of the health system in Kerala to control the Nipah outbreak (2019) by identifying enabling factors and challenges faced.

Key Findings#

Effective communication, good line of control, effective division of work, intersectorial coordination, strong leadership, political commitment, resilient public private partnership and support groups, past experiences in disaster management, quick procurement of medicines and availability of lab facilities as major enablers.
Initial confusions, lack of standard operating procedures/guidelines for epidemic management, complacency, lack of effective zoonotic surveillance, media management and community participation as challenges.

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative
Geographic Focus: Ernakulam district, Kerala, India
Time Period: 2019

Topics#

Nipah virus, Health system, Outbreak

Beyond neurology: unravelling Nipah virus’s cardiovascular conundrum—an editorial

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Amogh Verma, Ayush Anandh, *Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Abhay M Gaidhane, Neelima Kukrety, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy, PhD, *i

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

This editorial discusses the cardiovascular implications of Nipah virus infection beyond its neurological manifestations.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus infection can cause myocarditis leading to myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, and heart failure
Histopathological studies reveal lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium of Nipah infected individuals, indicating an inflammatory response affecting the heart
Nipah virus infection is associated with vascular compromise, including vasculitis and endothelial dysfunction

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Virology, Cardiology

Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: A. B. Sudeep, Pragya D. Yadav, Mangesh D. Gokhale, R. Balasubramanian, Nivedita Gupta, Anita Shete, Rajlaxmi Jain, Savita Patil, Rima R. Sahay, Dimpal A. Nyayanit, Sanjay Gopale, Prachi G. Pardeshi, Triparna D. Majumdar, Dilip R. Patil, A. P. Sugunan, Devendra T. Mourya

Year: 2021

Journal: BMC Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05865-7

Summary#

This research paper investigates the presence of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius bats in Kerala, India, following a reported outbreak in June 2019. The study used specialized techniques like real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to test bat samples.

Exact calculation of end-of-outbreak probabilities using contact tracing data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: N. V. Bradbury, W. S. Hart, F. A. Lovell-Read, J. A. Polonsky, R. N. Thompson

Year: 2023

Journal: Journal of the Royal Society Interface

DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2023.0374

Summary#

This paper presents a new method for calculating the probability that an infectious disease outbreak has ended using contact tracing data.

Key Findings#

The traced transmission method can calculate end-of-outbreak probabilities exactly when who-infected-whom data is available.
Applying the method to Ebola virus disease and Nipah virus infection data shows it would declare the outbreak over earlier than the Nishiura method.

Methodology#

Study Type: Mathematical Modeling
Sample Size: Not specified in the text
Geographic Focus: Not specified in the text
Time Period: Not specified in the text

Topics#

Epidemiology, Mathematical Modeling, Infectious Disease

Fruit bats as natural reservoir of highly pathogenic henipaviruses: balance between antiviral defense and viral tolerance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Said Mougari, Claudia Gonzalez, Olivier Reynard, Branka Horvat

Year: 2022

Journal: Current Opinion in Virology

DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101228

Summary#

This paper reviews the mechanisms that allow fruit bats to control Henipavirus infection while avoiding uncontrollable virus expansion and immunopathology.

Key Findings#

Bats are the natural reservoir host for highly pathogenic Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses.
Despite being infected, bats present limited signs of disease but can transmit the infection to other hosts, posing a risk for new viral outbreaks.
Bats have evolved mechanisms permitting efficient control of Henipavirus infection, balancing viral tolerance and antiviral defense.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jagadish Joshi, Yogendra Shah, Kishor Pandey, Ram Prashad Ojha, Chet Raj Joshi, Lok Raj Bhatt, Shyam Prakash Dumre, Pushpa Raj Acharya, Hem Raj Joshi, Shikha Rimal, Ramesh Shahi, Deepak Pokharel, Kamal Singh Khadka, Bimal Dahal, Saroj Nepal, Ram Singh Dhami, Krishna Prasad Pant, Rajdip Basnet, Basu Dev Pandey

Year: 2023

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Health

DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00535-7

Summary#

This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of Nipah virus in South and South East Asia.

Sero-prevalence of Nipah antibodies among close contacts of the index case during 2019 Ernakulam outbreak

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Reshmi Ramachandran, Merin S. Jose, Rima R. Sahay, Anita Shete

Year: 2022

Journal: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1731_21

Summary#

This paper investigates subclinical or asymptomatic Nipah infection amongst the close contacts of an index case in the 2019 Ernakulam outbreak by testing for NiV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. None of the 49 contacts tested positive.

Key Findings#

None of the 49 contacts tested positive for anti-NiV human IgM and IgG antibodies.
There were no subclinical cases amongst the close contacts of Nipah index case during the 2019 Kerala outbreak.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational
Sample Size: 49 close contacts
Geographic Focus: Ernakulam district, Kerala, India
Time Period: 2019

Topics#

Nipah virus, Asymptomatic infection, IgM and IgG antibodies

A systematic review on Nipah virus: global molecular epidemiology and medical countermeasures development

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Foo Hou Tan1,‡, Asif Sukri2,‡, Nuryana Idris1,3, Kien Chai Ong 3,6, Kum Thong Wong 7, Jie Ping Schee3,5, Chong Tin Tan3,5, Soon Hao Tan4, Li Ping Wong, Kok Keng Tee, Li-Yen Chang 1,*

Year: 2024

Journal: Virus Evolution

DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae048

Summary#

This paper conducts a systematic review on the global epidemiology and research advancements of Nipah virus, aiming to identify key knowledge gaps in the literature.

Key Findings#

The majority of the NiV epidemiological studies were conducted in Bangladesh, with significant outbreaks also reported in Malaysia, India, and the Philippines.
Transmission routes vary by country, primarily through pigs in Malaysia, consumption of date palm juice in Bangladesh, and human-to-human in India.
The availability of NiV genome sequences remains limited, particularly from Malaysia and India.
Mortality rates vary according to the country, exceeding 70% in Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines, and less than 40% in Malaysia.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review
Geographic Focus: Global

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Controlling Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh: Policy options

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jasmine Dhillona, Arinjay Banerjee

Year: 2015

Journal: Journal of Public Health Policy

DOI: 10.1057/jphp.2015.13

Summary#

This paper discusses policy options for controlling Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh due to consumption of bat-contaminated date palm sap.

Key Findings#

Yearly seasonal outbreaks of NiV have occurred in Bangladesh since 2003 with high case fatality rates.
Primary transmission is believed to be from consumption of bat-contaminated date palm sap (DPS).
Investigations and preventive strategies face social and cultural challenges.
The paper presents community approaches to control Nipah encephalitis, along with advantages and disadvantages of each.
This information may be useful for health workers and policymakers in Southeast Asia.

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: 2001-2005

Topics#

Nipah virus, Epidemiology, Policy

Dissecting an Outbreak: A Clinico-epidemiological Study of Nipah Virus Infection in Kerala, India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Bhargavan Pallivalappil, Althaf Ali, NK Thulaseedharan, Ummer Karadan, Jayakrishnan Chellenton, KP Dipu, AS Anoop Kumar, KG Sajeeth Kumar, TP Rajagopal, KP Suraj, GR Santosh Kumar, RN Supreeth, Mounika Yelisetti, Prathap Reddy Muthyala, KS Aryasree, KS Apurva Rao

Year: 2018

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: Not specified in the text

PMID: Not specified in the text

Summary#

This paper describes the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of a Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, India in May 2018. It identifies that out of 23 patients with Nipah virus infection, 91.3% expired, with common features including fever, altered sensorium, tachycardia, hypertension, and shortness of breath.

Full genome sequence of Nipah virus from an outbreak in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: V.A. Arankalle, Bhaswati T. Bandyopadhyay, Ashwini Y. Ramdasi, Ramesh Jadi, Dilip R. Patil, Mehebubar Rahman, Monalisa Majumdar, Parthasarthi S. Banerjee, Amiyakumar K. Hati, Ramaprasad P. Goswami, Dhruba Kumar Neogi, Akhilesh C. Mishra

Year: 2007

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid1705.100968

Summary#

This paper describes a full genome sequence of Nipah virus from an outbreak in India that caused encephalitis or respiratory symptoms and resulted in five deaths.

Key Findings#

The virus showed 99.2% nt and 99.8% aa identity with the Bangladesh-2004 isolate, suggesting a common source of the virus.
The outbreak involved five persons who were close relatives or contacts of an initial patient.

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 5 patients and 34 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Village Belechuapara, Nadia district, West Bengal, India
Time Period: April 9–28, 2007

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sazilah Ahmad Sarji, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Khean Jin Goh, Chong Tin Tan, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2000

Journal: AJR

DOI: 10.361-803X/00/1752-437 or null

PMID: Not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper describes MRI findings of Nipah encephalitis in 31 patients, revealing discrete high-signal-intensity lesions disseminated throughout the brain, mainly in the subcortical and deep white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. No mass effect or cerebral edema was seen.

Serological and molecular analysis of henipavirus infections in synanthropic fruit bat and rodent populations in the Centre and North regions of Cameroon (2018–2020)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Cyrille Mbu’u, Pierre Gontao, Abel Wade, Maren Penning, Balal Sadeghi, Aristid Ekollo Mbange, Matthew LeBreton, Sylvain Leroy Sado Kamdem, Franziska Stoek, Martin Hermann Groschup, Wilfred Fon Mbacham, Anne Balkema-Buschmann

Year: 2025

Journal: BMC Veterinary Research

DOI: 10.1186/s12917-025-04530-4

Summary#

The paper describes a study that investigated the presence of henipaviruses in fruit bats and rodents in Cameroon using serological and molecular analysis. The study found that 3.6% of bat samples had Henipavirus-specific antibodies but no RNA sequences were detected.

An Immunoinformatics Prediction of Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccines Candidate Against Surface Antigens of Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Joynob Akter Puspo, Ahmed Ahsan Adib, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Mohammad Mamun Alam, Sharmin Sultana, Ariful Islam, John D. Klena, Joel M. Montgomery, Syed M. Satter, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Year: 2024

Journal: International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics

DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10431-z

Summary#

This paper aims to predict a dual-antigen multi-epitope subunit chimeric vaccine against surface-glycoproteins G and F of Nipah Virus using immunoinformatics analyses.

Key Findings#

40 T and B-cell epitopes were found to be conserved, antigenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, and human non-homologous
Two vaccine candidates (NiV_BGD_V1 and NiV_BGD_V2) were strongly immunogenic, non-allergenic, and structurally stable
The proposed vaccine candidates showed a negative Z-score and high percentage of most rama-favored regions
Molecular docking confirmed the highest affinity of NiV_BGD_V1 and NiV_BGD_V2 with TLR-4 and TLR8
The vaccine constructs demonstrated increased levels of immunoglobulins and cytokines in humans and could be expressed properly using an adenoviral-based pAdTrack-CMV expression vector

Methodology#

Study Type: In silico prediction
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Immunoinformatics, Vaccine Development, Nipah Virus

Bats and viruses: a death-defying friendship

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Parakriti Gupta, Mini P. Singh, Kapil Goyal, Pande Tripti, Mohd Ikram Ansari, Vinodhkumar Obli Rajendran, Kuldeep Dhama, Yashpal Singh Malik

Year: 2021

Journal: VirusDis.

DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00716-0

Summary#

This paper reviews the role of bats as a reservoir for various viruses including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Hantavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and emerging viruses like Sosuga virus, Menangle, and Tioman virus. It discusses the evolution of these viruses in bats and their transmission to new hosts.

Nipah Virus Encephalitis Reemergence, Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vincent P. Hsu, Mohammed Jahangir Hossain, Umesh D. Parashar, Mohammed Monsur Ali, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Ivan Kuzmin, Michael Niezgoda, Charles Rupprecht, Joseph Bresee, Robert F. Breiman

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala State, India Amidst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Rima R. Sahay, Anukumar Balakrishnan, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Mangesh D. Gokhale, R. Balasubramanian, Priya Abraham, Nivedita Gupta, A. P. Sugunan, Rajan Khobragade, Kalpana George, Anita Shete, Savita Patil, Ullas Padinjaremattathil Thankappan, Hitesh Dighe, Jijo Koshy, Vivek Vijay, R. Gayathri, P. Jayesh Kumar, Asma Rahim, A. Naveen, Sarala Nair, V. R. Rajendran, V. Jayasree, Triparna Majumdar, Rajlaxmi Jain, Prasanth Viswanathan, Deepak Y. Patil, Abhinendra Kumar, Dimpal A. Nyayanit, Prasad Sarkale, Ashwini Waghmare, Shrikant Baradkar, Pranita Gawande, Poonam Bodke, Kaumudi Kalele, Jyoti Yemul, Sachin Dhaigude, Manjunath Holepannawar, Sanjay Gopale, Ganesh Chopade, Shilpa Ray, Priyanka Waghmare, Jitendra Narayan, Basavaraj Mathapati, Manoj Kadam, Abhimanyu Kumar, Annasaheb Suryawanshi, Beena Philomina Jose, Saritha Sivadas, N. P. Akash, T. V. Vimisha, K. V. Keerthi

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after infectious disease pandemics in the twenty-first century, including COVID-19: a metaanalysis and systematic review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kai Yuan, Yi-Miao Gong, Lin Liu, Yan-Kun Sun, Shan-Shan Tian, Yi-Jie Wang, Yi Zhong, An-Yi Zhang, Si-Zhen Su, Xiao-Xing Liu, Yu-Xin Zhang, Xiao Lin, Le Shi, Wei Yan, Seena Fazel, Michael V. Vitiello, Richard A. Bryant, Xin-Yu Zhou, Mao-Sheng Ran, Jie Shi, Lin Lu

Year: 2021

Journal: Molecular Psychiatry

DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01036-x

Summary#

This paper provides a reliable estimate of the worldwide prevalence of PTSD after large-scale pandemics and associated risk factors, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study includes data on SARS, H1N1, Poliomyelitis, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, MERS-CoV, H5N1, and COVID-19.

Stakeholder Perspective of Handling the Deceased during the Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Prajitha Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan, Arya Rahul, Ramachandran Nair Saraswathy Gopakumar, Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair

Year: 2020

Journal: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0155

Summary#

This paper analyzes the stakeholder response during the handling of deceased individuals during the Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018 using a qualitative study and grounded theory approach.

Key Findings#

Mixed public response including anxiety and fear, conflicting religious beliefs, and humanitarian concern
Swift state response with critical resources and robust guidance

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, South India
Time Period: May 2018 to the outbreak

Topics#

Nipah Virus Outbreak, Stakeholder Response, Public Health

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Characterization of Nipah Virus from Outbreaks in Bangladesh, 2008–2010

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Michael K. Lo, Luis Lowe, Kimberly B. Hummel, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Emily S. Gurley, M. Jahangir Hossain, Stephen P. Luby, David M. Miller, James A. Comer, Pierre E. Rollin, William J. Bellini, Paul A. Rota

Year: 2018

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid1802.111492

Summary#

This paper characterizes the complete genomic sequences of Nipah Virus isolates from two patients in Bangladesh in 2008 and partial sequences from three patients in 2010. The sequences were found to be distinct, indicating multiple co-circulating lineages in a localized region over a short time.

Nipah Virus Transmission from Bats to Humans Associated with Drinking Traditional Liquor Made from Date Palm Sap, Bangladesh, 2011–2014

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: M. Saiful Islam, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Sharmin Sultana, M. Jahangir Hossain, Murshid Hasan, Mahmudur Rahman, Shelley Campbell, Deborah L. Cannon, Ute Ströher, Peter Daszak, Stephen P. Luby, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2014

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151747

Summary#

This study investigates three clusters of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh between 2011 and 2014, finding a potential link between drinking fermented date palm sap (tari) and the transmission of the virus.

Outbreak Investigation of Nipah Virus Disease in Kerala, India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Govindakarnavar Arunkumar, Radhakrishnan Chandni, Devendra T. Mourya, Sujeet K. Singh, Rajeev Sadanandan, Preeti Sudan, Balram Bhargava

Year: 2018

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Summary#

This paper describes the characteristics of a Nipah Virus (NiV) outbreak that occurred in Kerala, India, during May–June 2018. The outbreak resulted in 23 cases, with a case-fatality rate of 91%, and was contained by early laboratory confirmation and a public health response.

Key Findings#

The Nipah Virus (NiV) responsible for this outbreak was closer to the Bangladesh lineage
The median age of cases was 45 years, and 65% were male
The median incubation period was 9.5 days
20 out of 23 cases had respiratory symptoms
Close proximity to a NiV-infected person was a risk factor for infection

Methodology#

Study Type: Outbreak investigation
Sample Size: 23 cases
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May–June 2018

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Pandemic potential of the Nipah virus and public health strategies adopted during outbreaks: Lessons from Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Thekkumkara Surendran Anish ID1,2‡, Reghukumar Aravind ID3‡, Chandni Radhakrishnan4‡, Nivedita Gupta ID5‡, Pragya D. Yadav ID6‡, Jerin Jose Cherian ID5,7‡*, Rima Sahay ID6‡, Shubin Chenayil ID8‡, Anoop Kumar A. S. ID9‡, Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth ID10‡, Ashadevi, Velichapat Ramakrishnan Lathika, Shamsudeen Moideen ID12, Sekhar Lukose Kuriakose ID13, Kalathil Joseph Reena11‡, Thomas Mathew14‡

Year: 2024

Journal: PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH

Summary#

This review highlights the relevance of surveillance and health system preparedness, infection control, early diagnosis and treatment with broad-spectrum antivirals, environmental conservation, and community engagement in mitigating Nipah outbreaks. It also emphasizes the importance of developing new biologicals and anti-viral drugs to combat the disease.

Ribavirin Therapy for Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Guillaume, Cantamin, Loth, Georges-Courbot, Lefeuvre, Maraianneau, Chua, Lam, Buckland, Deubel, Wild

Year: 2004

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10211.2004

Summary#

Key Findings#

In an open-label study, mortality was significantly lower in patients with Nipah virus encephalitis treated with ribavirin compared to controls (32% vs. 54%, P ⫽ 0.011)
Duration of ventilation and total hospital stay were both significantly shorter in the ribavirin group compared to controls (P ⫽ 0.0002 and <0.0001, respectively)

Methodology#

Study Type: Open-label study
Sample Size: 140 patients with Nipah virus encephalitis
Geographic Focus: Malaysia
Time Period: 1998

Topics#

Virology, Clinical

A Novel Model of Lethal Hendra Virus Infection in African Green Monkeys and the Effectiveness of Ribavirin Treatment

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Barry Rockx, Katharine N. Bossart, Friederike Feldmann, Joan B. Geisbert, Andrew C. Hickey, Douglas Brining, Julie Callison, David Safronetz, Andrea Marzi, Lisa Kercher, Dan Long, Christopher C. Broder, Heinz Feldmann, Thomas W. Geisbert

Year: 2010

Journal: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/JVI.01163-10

Summary#

This paper introduces a new disease model of acute Hendra Virus infection in African green monkeys and evaluates the effectiveness of Ribavirin treatment.

Key Findings#

Exposure of AGMs to HeV produced a uniformly lethal infection.
Ribavirin treatment delayed disease onset by 1 to 2 days, with no significant benefit for disease progression and outcome.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: 9 African green monkeys (AGMs)

Topics#

Virology, African Green Monkeys, Ribavirin

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Infectious Causes of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India – Decadal Change and the Way Forward

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Babasaheb V Tandale, Rahul Narang, G Vijay Kumar, Manish Jain, Shilpa J Tomar, Pravin S Deshmukh

Year: 2023

Journal: Not specified from text

DOI: S097475591600546

Summary#

Nipah Virus Detection at Bat Roosts after Spillover Events, Bangladesh, 2012–2019

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Clifton D. McKee, Ausraful Islam, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Salah Uddin Khan, Mahmudur Rahman, Syed M. Satter, Ariful Islam, Claude Kwe Yinda, Jonathan H. Epstein, Peter Daszak, Vincent J. Munster, Peter J. Hudson, Raina K. Plowright, Stephen P. Luby, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in text

DOI: Not specified in text

PMID: Not specified in text

Summary#

The paper reports investigations at bat roosts near human Nipah cases in Bangladesh from 2012-2019. Nipah RNA was detected in urine samples from 7 out of 23 roosts, and it was detected up to 52 days after a presumed exposure of the human casepatient.

Nipah Virus Outbreaks in India: A Comprehensive Update

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shreya Veggalam, Jayashankar CA, Ojas Balaji, Mansi Thipani Madhu, Mir Hyder Hussain, Shraddha H, Manish GR, Koshy Sam, Snigdha Reddy, Gulam Saidunnisa Begum

Year: 2025

Journal: Cureus

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.92420

Summary#

This paper reviews the pathophysiology, immune evasion strategies, transmission dynamics, taxonomical position, and structural features of the Nipah virus with a focus on its epidemiology in India.

Key Findings#

The Nipah virus poses a serious threat to public health due to its high pathogenicity and zoonotic transmission potential.
Transmission is strongly associated with fruit bats, and habitat decline increases the likelihood of zoonotic spillovers.
There are no viable treatments or vaccines for NiV, but promising candidate vaccines are being researched.
The paper examines the epidemiology of the virus in India to improve understanding of complex viral risks and public health campaign effects.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Public Health, Infectious Disease

Smart policy changes can quell deadly Nipah virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Thekkumkara Surendran Anish

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

A paper discussing the need for smart policy changes to prevent and manage Nipah virus outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of early detection systems and infection control protocols.

Key Findings#

Four Nipah spillover events in Kerala, India since 2018 with a fatality rate of 40–75%
The strain in Kerala’s outbreaks originated from Bangladesh in 2001 and could potentially spread in southeast Asia
Nipah virus mainly spreads in hospitals due to close contact with infected individuals

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: [‘India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, southern China, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka’]
Time Period: 2001-2023

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Policy

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats

Combatting emerging infectious diseases from Nipah to COVID-19 in Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: K. C. Prajitha, V. Babu, A. Rahul, M. J. Valamparampil, P. R. Sreelakshmi, S. Nair, R. P. Varma

Year: 2023

Journal: Public Health Action

DOI: 10.5588/pha.22.0024

Summary#

The paper explores the perceptions of stakeholders on how Kerala’s decentralized system helped during Nipah virus outbreaks and COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Findings#

Decentralisation enabled effective handling of outbreaks and the pandemic in Kerala
Findings indicate four major themes: decision-making, engagement level, people-centric action, and difficulties

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Descriptive Approach
Sample Size: 7 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 9 in-depth interviews (IDIs)
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018 to 2020

Topics#

Public Health, Decentralization, Nipah Virus, COVID-19

Henipavirus Encephalitis: Recent Developments and Advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kien Chai Ong, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2015

Journal: Brain Pathology

DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12278

Summary#

This paper discusses the clinical manifestations and pathological features of Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV), which cause severe and often fatal outbreaks in humans and animals.

Key Findings#

Both HeV and NiV cause an acute encephalitic syndrome
Pathological features include disseminated, multi-organ vasculopathy and parenchymal cell infection
Both viruses can cause relapsing encephalitis

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Bangladesh, India, Philippines
Time Period: 1990s to present

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Molecular Pathogenesis of Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Pratik Talukdar, Debankita Dutta, Elija Ghosh, Indrani Bose, Sourish Bhattacharjee

Year: 2023

Journal: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04300-0

Summary#

This paper reviews Nipah virus (NiV), a zoonotic disease causing encephalitis and severe respiratory illness in humans, primarily carried by Pteropus spp. bats. It discusses the need for clinical trials to establish potential treatment regimens.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is a zoonotic disease that can cause lethal encephalitis and severe respiratory illness in humans
The virus is primarily carried by Pteropus spp. bats
Human-to-human transmission can occur
Multiple outbreaks have been reported from South and Southeast Asia recently

Methodology#

Study Type: Review Article
Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia
Time Period: From the discovery of NiV in 1998

Topics#

Nipah virus, Encephalitis, Epidemiology, Pathology

Nipah Virus Exposure in Domestic and Peridomestic Animals Living in Human Outbreak Sites, Bangladesh, 2013–2015

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ausraful Islam, Deborah L. Cannon, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Salah Uddin Khan, Jonathan H. Epstein, Peter Daszak, Stephen P. Luby, Joel M. Montgomery, John D. Klena, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2024

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid2902.221379

Summary#

This study detected Nipah virus antibodies in cattle, dogs, and cats from six sites where spillover human Nipah infection cases occurred in Bangladesh between 2013 and 2015.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus was detected in domestic and peridomestic animals living near humans with spillover cases in Bangladesh
Three instances of animal contact were associated with human Nipah infections in Bangladesh
Little is known about the transmission mechanisms of henipaviruses into livestock and peridomestic animals in Bangladesh

Methodology#

Study Type: Cross-sectional study
Sample Size: N/A
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: 2013–2015

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Zoonosis

Nipah Virus Outbreaks in Kerala: An Impending Doom?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vivek Sanker, Faheem Vellekkat, Tirth Dave

Year: 2024

Journal: Health Science Reports

Summary#

This paper explores ongoing challenges associated with Nipah virus transmission in Kerala, focusing on environmental factors, healthcare responses, and shifts in clinical manifestations. It highlights the need for proactive management strategies to prevent future outbreaks.

Key Findings#

Recent outbreaks have shown atypical respiratory presentations, complicating early detection.
The virus’s clustering within specific regions and the emergence of a new genotype underscore the need for enhanced surveillance.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May 2018 to September 2023

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Antibody response in symptomatic & asymptomatic Nipah virus cases from Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_4388_20

Summary#

The study evaluates antibody response among symptomatic survivors of NiV infection and their asymptomatic contacts identified during 2018 and 2019 NiV outbreaks from Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Anti-NiV IgM was detectable from 5th POD to 27th POD
Anti-NiV IgG was detected for more than one year among symptomatic NiV cases

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational Study
Sample Size: 3 symptomatic and 2 asymptomatic contacts
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: (2018 to 2019)

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Glycoprotein attachment with host cell surface receptor ephrin B2 and B3 in mediating entry of nipah and hendra virus: a computational investigation

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: LIPSA PRIYADARSINEE, HIMAKSHI SARMA, G NARAHARI SASTRY

Year: 2022

Journal: J. Chem. Sci.

DOI: 10.1007/s12039-022-02110-9

Summary#

This paper investigates the molecular mechanism of interaction between Nipah and Hendra virus glycoproteins and human ephrin-B2 and B3 cell surface proteins using computational methods.

Key Findings#

HeV/NiV glycoprotein with EFNB2 complex has more conformational stability and higher binding energy compared to EFNB3.
During MD simulation, the number of H-bond formations was less in the case of EFNB3 complexes.

Methodology#

Study Type: Computational

Topics#

Virology, Computation, Protein Interaction

Nipah Virus Detection in Pteropus hypomelanus Bats, Central Java, Indonesia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Dimas Bagus Wicaksono Putro, Arief Mulyono, Esti Rahardianingtyas, Aryo Ardanto, Arum Sih Joharina, Muhammad Choirul Hidajat, Yusnita Mirna Anggraeni, Ristiyanto, Tika Fiona Sari, N.L.P. Indi Dharmayanti, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, R. Tedjo Sasmono

Year: 2024

Journal: Research Letters

DOI: 10.3201/eid3104.241872

Summary#

The paper reports the detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus hypomelanus bats in Central Java, Indonesia, indicating a potential risk for human transmission.

Key Findings#

2 positive bats were detected out of 64 screened
Public health authorities should increase surveillance to prevent human transmission

Methodology#

Study Type: Molecular Screening
Sample Size: 64 Pteropus hypomelanus bats
Geographic Focus: Central Java, Indonesia

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Outbreak prone communicable diseases of public health importance in the northern districts of West Bengal – Current status & the way forward

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Puran Kumar Sharma, Rina Tilak

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_607_21

Summary#

This paper discusses the current status of outbreak-prone communicable diseases in the northern districts of West Bengal, focusing on malaria, Japanese encephalitis, scrub typhus, dengue, kalaazar, and Nipah virus. It emphasizes the need for multisectoral initiatives, understanding human-animal-vector dynamics, and strengthening healthcare setup.

Key Findings#

The northern districts of West Bengal are endemic areas for many outbreak-prone communicable diseases.
An outbreak of Nipah virus in the recent past is a pointer towards emerging and re-emerging threats in these regions.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: [‘Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar and Darjeeling, West Bengal’]

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy, Ecology

Potential for Person-to-Person Transmission of Henipaviruses: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sonia T. Hegde, Kyu Han Lee, Ashley Styczynski, Forrest K. Jones, Isabella Gomes, Pritimoy Das, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2024

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null (not provided in the text)

PMID: PMID or null (not provided in the text)

Summary#

This study systematically reviews the literature to synthesize evidence about potential person-to-person spread of Henipaviruses, focusing on Nipah virus Bangladesh (NiVB), Hendra virus (HeV), and Nipah virus Malaysia (NiVM).

A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivier Uwishema, Jack Wellington, Christin Berjaoui, Kamsi Olivia Muoka, Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka, Helen Onyeaka

Year: 2022

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Summary#

Key Findings#

There was a recent re-emergence of Nipah virus in India’s Kozhikode district, causing a death.
The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the impact of the virus.

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: India’s Kozhikode district
Time Period: September 5, 2021

Topics#

Nipah virus, Outbreak

Advancements in Nipah virus treatment: Analysis of current progress in vaccines, antivirals, and therapeutics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Gayatree Mishra, Vishal Prajapat, Debasis Nayak

Year: 2024

Journal: Immunology

DOI: 10.1111/imm.13695

Summary#

This paper discusses the current progress in NiV-vaccine research and therapeutic options, including mAbs and antiviral medications.

Key Findings#

Several potential vaccine candidates have been developed and tested in animal models
Some of these candidate vaccines have entered further clinical trials
Research has identified a handful of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) capable of neutralizing the virion
Progress in discovering potential antiviral drugs has been limited

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: South-Asian and South-East Asian countries, Africa, and Australia

Topics#

Vaccines, Antivirals, Therapeutics, Nipah virus

Concern over Nipah virus cases amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Abdullahi T. Aborode, Andrew A. Wireko, Aashna Mehta, Toufik Abdul‐Rahman, Esther P. Nansubuga, Mrinmoy Kundu, Manas Pustake, Qasim Mehmood, H. Tillewein

Year: 2022

Journal: Journal of Medical Virology

DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27745

Summary#

This letter discusses the concern over Nipah virus cases in India during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of specific pharmacological treatment for Nipah virus.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is a zoonotic infection that can be transmitted by direct contact with infected animals or via bodily secretions such as bat blood, saliva, and urine.
The virus affects the central nervous system in human hosts, causing inflammation of brain parenchyma (encephalitis) and respiratory symptoms.
Nipah virus has been designated a global epidemic by the WHO due to its high fatality rate, highly contagious nature, potential for human exposure, and lack of a vaccine.
The diversity of surroundings and hosts may further accelerate the mutation rate of RNA viruses, explaining new cases in pandemics such as COVID-19.

Methodology#

Study Type: Letter to the Editor
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Nipah virus, Zoonotic infections, Epidemiology, Public health

Nipah Virus Antibodies in Bats, the Philippines, 2013–2022

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Yoshihiro Kaku, Shumpei Watanabe, Joseph S. Masangkay, Phillip Alviola, Satoshi Taniguchi, Edison Cosico, Yumi Une, Frances C. Recuenco, Satoko Sugimoto, Kentaro Kato, Shigeru Kyuwa, David Emmanuel M. General, Allen John F. Manalad, Sheryl A. Yap, Hironori Bando, Nanako Isobe, Yui Sakata, Shi

Year: 2024

Journal: RESEARCH LETTERS

Summary#

This research letter reports the detection of Nipah virus antibodies in bats in the Philippines from 2013 to 2022.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus antibodies detected in bats in the Philippines
Research conducted from 2013 to 2022

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: The Philippines
Time Period: 2013-2022

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Reproducible generation of Nipah virus pseudovirions with uniform incorporation of F and G surface glycoproteins for high-throughput neutralization assays

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Geetu Rose Varghese, Vivek Vijay, Sreeja Sreedevi, Santhik S. Lupitha, Priya Prabhakaran, Sushama Aswathyraj, Anitha P. Moorkoth, Niyas K. Pulloor, Easwaran Sreekumar

Year: 2025

Journal: BMC Microbiology

DOI: 10.1186/s12866-025-04375-9

Summary#

The paper describes the development of a system to generate Nipah virus pseudovirions with uniform incorporation of F and G surface glycoproteins for high-throughput neutralization assays.

Key Findings#

Established HEK293 pseudovirion producer cells that stably co-incorporated NiV F and G proteins
FACS analysis of clonally selected cells for high and uniform level F and G protein co-incorporation
Generation of high titer vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based pseudoviruses from these producer cells
Neutralization of Nipah pseudovirions by commercial anti-NiV F and G antibodies as well as convalescent serum from Nipah recovered patients

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: Cells
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

'The Bug Stops Here!’ Nipah Encephalitis; Kerala

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2019

Summary#

Key Findings#

Nipah infection (NiV) recently claimed 17 lives in Kerala Outbreak of May 2018
The patient presented with high grade fever, chills, rigors, fever, conjunctival congestion, drowsiness, dysarthria, severe ataxia, myoclonus, tachycardia, and tachypnea
MRI showed multiple tiny hyperintensities throughout the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and ponto-mesencephalic area with restricted diffusion (Starry sky appearance)
CSF tested positive for NiV on day 2
The patient was started on oral Ribavirin for 11 days

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Sample Size: 1
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: May 2018

Topics#

Nipah, Encephalitis, MRI, Ribavirin, Case Study

Langya henipavirus: Is it a potential cause for public health concern?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shania Sanchez, Hinh Ly

Year: 2023

Journal: VIRULENCE

DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2154188

Summary#

A new virus, Langya henipavirus (LayV), has been identified in China and has infected 35 individuals as of August 2021, causing respiratory symptoms but no known human fatalities. LayV is genetically related to Nipah and Hendra viruses, which can cause fatal human diseases.

Key Findings#

LayV has infected 35 individuals in China as of August 2021
LayV causes respiratory symptoms but no known human fatalities
LayV is genetically related to Nipah and Hendra viruses

Methodology#

Study Type: Editorial
Geographic Focus: Shandong and Henan provinces in China
Time Period: April 2018 to August 2021

Topics#

Viruses, Epidemiology

Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a southeast Asian flying fox

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Elodie Schloesing, Rémi Chambon, Annelise Tran, Kinley Choden, Sébastien Ravon, Jonathan H. Epstein, Thavry Hoem, Neil Furey, Morgane Labadie, Mathieu Bourgarel, Hélène M. De Nys, Alexandre Caron, Julien Cappelle

Year: 2020

Journal: Movement Ecology

DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00232-8

Summary#

This paper evaluates the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia using GPS data.

Key Findings#

Bats performed few foraging bouts during a given night, mainly in residential areas with decreasing duration over the night.
The probability of a bat revisiting a given foraging area within 48 h varied according to the duration previously spent there, its distance to the roost site, and the corresponding habitat type.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational
Sample Size: 8 P. lylei
Geographic Focus: Cambodia

Topics#

Ecology, Virology

Superspreading, overdispersion and their implications in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Oliver Wegehaupt, Akira Endo, Anna Vassall

Year: 2023

Journal: BMC Public Health

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15915-1

Summary#

This paper explores the phenomenon of superspreading events in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic through a systematic review and meta-analysis. It found that a majority of studies reported lower than one for the dispersion parameter k, indicating significant heterogeneity in inter-individual transmission potential.

Key Findings#

Mean k estimates ranged from 0.04 to 2.97 across 28 peer-reviewed studies.
93% of the studies reported mean k estimates lower than one, indicating marked heterogeneity in inter-individual transmission potential.
Recommended control measures included forward and backward contact tracing, timely case confirmation, rapid isolation, vaccination, and preventive measures to suppress superspreading.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Topics#

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Superspreading, Overdispersion

Transmission of Nipah Virus — 14 Years of Investigations in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Birgit Nikolay, Henrik Salje, M. Jahangir Hossain, A.K.M. Dawlat Khan, Hossain M.S. Sazzad, Mahmudur Rahman, Peter Daszak, Ute Ströher, Juliet R.C. Pulliam, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Stuart T. Nichol, John D. Klena, Sharmin Sultana, Sayma Afroj, Stephen P. Luby, Simon Cauchemez, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2019

Journal: New England Journal of Medicine

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1805376

Summary#

This paper investigates person-to-person transmission dynamics of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh over a 14-year period using data from outbreak investigations.

Increased human-animal interface & emerging zoonotic diseases: An enigma requiring multi-sectoral efforts to address

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Falguni Debnath, Debjit Chakraborty, Alok Kumar Deb, Malay Kumar Saha, Shanta Dutta

Year: 2021

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_2971_20

Summary#

This paper discusses the threats posed by increased human-animal interfaces to human life due to the emergence of zoonotic diseases, using examples like SARS, influenza A/H1N1(09) pdm; MERS; Nipah virus disease; Ebola haemorrhagic fever and COVID-19. It emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral efforts, policy-level adaptation, wildlife protection, community empowerment, and regulation on wildlife products to ensure comprehensive one health practice.

Investigating Rare Risk Factors for Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: 2001–2012

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sonia T. Hegde, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, M. Jahangir Hossain, Mahbub-Ul Alam, Eben Kenah, Peter Daszak, Pierre Rollin, Mahmudur Rahman, Stephen P. Luby, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2016

Journal: Ecohealth

DOI: 10.1007/s10393-016-1166-0

Summary#

This paper investigates rare risk factors for Nipah virus in Bangladesh using data from 157 cases and 632 controls surveyed between 2004 and 2012. The study finds that cases were more likely to consume raw date palm sap and have contact with a Nipah case than controls. In-depth interviews revealed misclassification of cases who reported no exposure to date palm sap or contact with another case.

Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases—a Keystone Symposia report

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jennifer Cable, Anthony Fauci, Dennis A. Bente, William E. Dowling, Pragya Dhruv Yadav, Stephan Günther, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lin-Fa Wang, Rahul K. Arora, Maria Van Kerkhove, May C. Chu, Thomas Jaenisch, Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon David William Frost, Daniel G. Bausch, Lisa E. Hensley, Éric Bergeron, Ioannis Sitaras, Michael D. Gunn, Thomas W. Geisbert, César Muñoz-Fontela, Florian Krammer, Emmie de Wit, Pontus Nordenfelt, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Luis M. Branco, Sylvain Baize, Neeltje van Doremalen, Marco A. Krieger, Renske Hesselink, Dan Hartman, Sarah C. Gilbert, Sue Ann Costa Clemens

Molecular characterization of Nipah virus from Pteropus hypomelanus in Southern Thailand

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Panumas Samseeneam, Mana Phermpool, Thongchai Kaewpom, Apaporn Rodpan, Pattarapol Maneeorn, Phimchanok Srongmongkol, Budsabong Kanchanasaka, Thiravat Hemachudha

Year: 2016

Journal: Virology Journal

DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0510-x

Summary#

This study identified Nipah virus strain using molecular characterizations from Pteropus hypomelanus in southern Thailand.

Key Findings#

Five out of 184 bat urine specimens were positive for Nipah virus using nested RT-PCR assay on partial nucleocapsid fragment
All 5 partial fragments and 4 whole nucleocapsid genes formed a monophyletic with NiV-MY

Methodology#

Study Type: Short Report
Sample Size: 184 bat urine specimens
Geographic Focus: Southern Thailand

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization’s List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2021

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827

Summary#

This paper reviews the neurological manifestations of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist’s lens.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Time Period: 1934 to August 2020

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Neurology

Advancing the frontiers: Revolutionary control and prevention paradigms against Nipah virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Fredmoore L. Orosco

Year: 2023

Journal: Open Veterinary Journal

DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i9.1

Summary#

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest control and prevention strategies against Nipah virus, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral drug discovery, early diagnosis, surveillance, and high-level biosecurity measures.

Key Findings#

Advancements in vaccine research hold promise for preventing NiV infections.
Antiviral drugs like remdesivir, ribavirin, and favipiravir have the potential to inhibit NiV replication.
Early diagnosis through molecular and serological assays plays a crucial role in timely detection.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Vaccines, Antivirals

From Bat to Worse: The Pivotal Role of Bats for Viral Zoonosis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Harald Brüssow

Year: 2025

Journal: Microbial Biotechnology

Summary#

This paper discusses the role of bats as pivotal sources for viral zoonosis, providing examples such as Nipah virus transmission in Malaysia and Marburg virus transmission in Africa.

Key Findings#

Bats are viral reservoir species for various virus families.
Bats have evolved mechanisms that tolerate virus replication but suppress the associated pathology, making them healthy carriers for many viruses.
It is speculated that bats excrete highly pathogenic viruses as a defense mechanism against intrusion by mammalian competitors.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Ecology

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md Zakiul Hassan, Amanda Rojek, Piero Olliaro, Peter Horby

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100527

Summary#

Navigating Nipah virus: Insights, challenges, and recommendations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Hassan Hafeez, Hafsa Ajmal, Amna Nadeem, Shehroze Tabassum, Aymar Akilimali, *

Year: 2025

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

Summary#

This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a biosafety level 4 and category C pathogen belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus
NiV infections range from mild to severe, with an incubation period of 4–14 days and initial symptoms including fever, headache, and respiratory distress
Notably, NiV-MY proves more virulent than NiV-BD, highlighting genotypic variations

Methodology#

Study Type: Mini-Narrative Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Nipah Virus Sequences from Humans and Bats during Nipah Outbreak, Kerala, India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Pragya D. Yadav, Anita M. Shete, G. Arun Kumar, Prasad Sarkale, Rima R. Sahay, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Rajen Lakra, Prachi Pardeshi, Nivedita Gupta, Raman R. Gangakhedkar, V.R. Rajendran, Rajeev Sadanandan, Devendra T. Mourya

Year: 2018

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2505.181076

Summary#

This paper retrieves Nipah virus sequences from human and bat samples during a 2018 outbreak in Kerala, India, demonstrating the similarity of the virus from humans to that of bats, indicating bats as the source of the outbreak.

Beyond neurology: unravelling Nipah virus’s cardiovascular conundrum—an editorial

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Amogh Verma, Ayush Anandh, *Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Quazi Syed Zahiruddin, Abhay M Gaidhane, Neelima Kukrety, Sarvesh Rustagi, Prakasini Satapathy, PhD, *i

Journal: Not specified in the text

Summary#

This editorial discusses the cardiovascular implications of Nipah virus infection beyond its neurological manifestations.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus infection can cause myocarditis leading to myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmias, and heart failure
Histopathological studies reveal lymphocytic infiltrates in the myocardium of Nipah infected individuals, indicating an inflammatory response affecting the heart
Nipah virus infection is associated with vascular compromise, including vasculitis and endothelial dysfunction

Methodology#

Geographic Focus: South and Southeast Asia

Topics#

Virology, Cardiology

Cat–wildlife interactions and zoonotic disease risk: a call for more and better community science data

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Tamara SZENTIVANYI, Malik OEDIN, Ricardo ROCHA

Year: 2023

Journal: Mammal Review

DOI: 10.1111/mam.12332

Summary#

The paper discusses the potential of community science and social media to expand understanding of pet-wildlife interactions, using bat–cat data from iNaturalist as a case in point.

Key Findings#

Cats preying on bats were more prevalent in Europe and North America
Evidence of cat–bat interactions was found across geographic regions
Lack of surveillance on cats and other pets as bridging hosts for zoonotic spillover events is concerning

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational/Data Analysis
Geographic Focus: Different geographic regions

Topics#

Ecology, Zoonosis, Community Science

High Pathogenicity of Nipah Virus from Pteropus lylei Fruit Bats, Cambodia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Maria Gaudino, Noémie Aurine, Claire Dumont, Julien Fouret, Marion Ferren, Cyrille Mathieu, Olivier Reynard, Viktor E. Volchkov, Catherine Legras-Lachuer, Marie-Claude Georges-Courbot, Branka Horvat

Year: 2019

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid2601.191284

Summary#

The paper characterizes a Nipah virus (NiV) isolate from Cambodia in 2003, revealing similar cell permissiveness and replication in both bat and human cell lines. The virus has high pathogenic potential and may provide insight for future NiV outbreaks in Southeast Asia.

Nipah virus: a re-emerging public health concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2024

Journal: The Lancet Microbe

DOI: 10.1016/[DOI not provided in text]

Summary#

The paper discusses the re-emergence of Nipah virus, a highly virulent RNA virus, causing widespread zoonotic illnesses. It mentions recent outbreaks in various countries including India and Bangladesh, and the lack of licensed vaccines or specific medications for the virus.

Key Findings#

Largest known outbreak of Nipah virus disease occurred in Kerala, India in 2023 with a high fatality rate
Approximately half of the cases in Kerala involved human-to-human transmission
Viral strains in India and Bangladesh have more potential for human-to-human transmission than the Malaysian virus isolates
No licensed vaccines or specific medications for Nipah virus

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and other countries
Time Period: 1998-present

Topics#

Virus Outbreaks, Public Health, Zoonotic Diseases

Structural and functional analysis of the Nipah virus polymerase complex

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Side Hu, Heesu Kim, Pan Yang, Zishuo Yu, Barbara Ludeke, Shawna Mobilia, Junhua Pan, Margaret Stratton, Yuemin Bian, Rachel Fearns, Jonathan Abraham

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.021

Summary#

The paper determines the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Nipah virus polymerase complex and performs structural, biophysical, and functional analyses to understand features critical for RNA replication and transcription. The findings could aid in the development of antivirals.

Key Findings#

Cryo-EM structure of the NiV L-P complex determined
Docking studies with an inhibitor clarify mechanisms of intrinsic NiV L resistance
Palm insert, zinc fingers, and P4 extension are critical for NiV L activity
Intrusion loop plays an essential role in RNA replication

Methodology#

Study Type: Structural analysis/Functional analysis

Topics#

Virology, Pharmacology

Genetic Diversity and Geographic Spread of Henipaviruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Yakhouba Kane, Betty Nalikka, Alexander Tendu, Victor Omondi, Kathrina Mae Bienes, Abdou Padane, Veasna Duong, Nicolas Berthet, Gary Wong

Year: 2024

Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.3201/eid3103.241134

Summary#

This paper analyzes the genetic diversity and geographic spread of Henipaviruses, including Hendra and Nipah viruses, using data from National Center for Biotechnology Information Virus and VIRION databases. The study found that bats and shrews are dominant hosts, with key henipavirus hosts in Asia, Australia, and Africa.

MR Imaging Features of Nipah Encephalitis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sazilah Ahmad Sarji, Basri Johan Jeet Abdullah, Khean Jin Goh, Chong Tin Tan, Kum Thong Wong

Year: 2000

Journal: AJR

DOI: 10.361-803X/00/1752-437 or null

PMID: Not provided in the text

Summary#

Severe zoonotic viruses carried by different species of bats and their regional distribution

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Zegang Liu, Qinlu Liu, Huifang Wang, Xinsheng Yao

Year: 2024

Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper reviews the profiles of zoonotic viruses carried by bats across various regions globally, providing a foundation for future research on monitoring zoonotic viruses in diverse global regions and bat species.

Key Findings#

Bats host over 4100 distinct viruses, including Ebola virus and SARS-CoV.
Surveys on severe zoonotic virus carriage have been limited to only 83 bat species belonging to nine families.
The paper briefly describes the antibody responses and B-cell molecules in bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Narrative review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bat Research

Therapeutics for Nipah virus disease: a systematic review to support prioritisation of drug candidates for clinical trials

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Xin Hui S Chan, Ilsa L Haeusler, Bennett J K Choy, Md Zakiul Hassan, Junko Takata, Tara P Hurst, Luke M Jones, Shanghavie Loganathan, Elinor Harriss, Jake Dunning, Joel Tarning, Miles W Carroll, Peter W Horby, Piero L Olliaro

Year: 2024

Journal: Review

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of therapeutic options for Nipah virus disease to prioritize drug candidates for further evaluation in clinical trials, suggesting trialling 1F5, m102.4, and remdesivir (alone or in combination) for prophylaxis and early treatment.

Disease control tools to secure animal and public health in a densely populated world

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Johannes Charlier, Herman W Barkema, Paul Becher, Paola De Benedictis, Ingrid Hansson, Isabel Hennig-Pauka, Roberto La Ragione, Lars E Larsen, Evelyn Madoroba, Dominiek Maes, Clara M Marín, Franco Mutinelli, Alasdair J Nisbet, Katarzyna Podgórska, Jozef Vercruysse, Fabrizio Vitale, Diana J L Williams, Ruth N Zadoks

Year: 2024

Journal: Review

Summary#

This paper reviews 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals and suggests that international efforts should focus on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis for the greatest impact on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

Nipah virus: pathogenesis, genome, diagnosis, and treatment

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Rishav Madhukalya, Urvashi Yadav, Hilal Ahmad Parray, Nisha Raj, Santhik Subhasingh Lupitha, Vivek Kumar, Anjali Saroj, Vidushi Agarwal, Dilip Kumar, Supratik Das, Rajesh Kumar

Year: 2025

Journal: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

DOI: 10.1007/s00253-025-13474-6

Summary#

This paper is a detailed review on Nipah virus, covering its origin and spread, modes of transmission, risk factors, genome, key proteins, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, and ongoing research for therapies.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus has high pandemic potential
No clinically approved antivirals, immunotherapy, or vaccines available for NiV infection
Discussion on different diagnostic approaches and ongoing research for NiV therapies

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Progress and challenges in Nipah vaccine development and licensure for epidemic preparedness and response

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sol Kim, Hyolim Kang, Laura Skrip, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Ausraful Islam, Sung-Mok Jung, Juan F. Vesga, Akira Endo, W. John Edmunds, Kaja Abbas

Year: 2025

Journal: Expert Review of Vaccines

DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2025.2476523

Summary#

This paper reviews the progress and challenges in developing vaccines for Nipah virus, a high-consequence pathogen with no available vaccines or therapeutics.

Methodology#

Study Type: Perspective

Topics#

Vaccine Development, Nipah Virus

Relevance#

This paper is important for understanding the challenges in developing vaccines against Nipah virus, which can aid in preparedness and response efforts.

Stakeholder Perspective of Handling the Deceased during the Nipah Virus Outbreak in Kerala, South India, 2018

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Prajitha Kannamkottapilly Chandrasekharan, Arya Rahul, Ramachandran Nair Saraswathy Gopakumar, Anish Thekkumkara Surendran Nair

Year: 2020

Journal: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0155

Summary#

Key Findings#

Mixed public response including anxiety and fear, conflicting religious beliefs, and humanitarian concern
Swift state response with critical resources and robust guidance

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, South India
Time Period: May 2018 to the outbreak

Topics#

Nipah Virus Outbreak, Stakeholder Response, Public Health

Assessing the risk of Nipah virus establishment in Australian flying-foxes

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: S. E. ROCHE, S. COSTARD, J. MEERS, H. E. FIELD, A. C. Breed

Year: 2015

Journal: Epidemiol. Infect.

DOI: 10.1017/S0950268813003336

Summary#

The paper assesses the risk of Nipah virus establishing in Australian flying-foxes through their movements from nearby regions, using a qualitative risk assessment and expert opinion workshop.

Key Findings#

The risk was estimated to be very low under the baseline scenario.
Using the mean and linear opinion pooling combination methods increased the risk.

Methodology#

Study Type: Qualitative Risk Assessment with Expert Opinion Workshop
Geographic Focus: Australia and its neighbors

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Zoonosis

Emerging Nipah Virus With Pandemic Potential and High Mortality Rates: Is the Scientific Community Learning From Former Pandemics?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Doris Klingelhöfer, Markus Braun, Christina A. Naser, Dörthe Brüggmann, David A. Groneberg

Year: 2025

Journal: Reviews in Medical Virology

Summary#

This paper reviews the global research history and status quo of Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic single-stranded RNA virus that could potentially trigger a pandemic. The study shows a significant correlation between the number of articles on NiV and the economic strength or intensity of financing per country, but finds a comparatively low scientific commitment in major player countries and knowledge gaps in NiV infectiology.

Lessons from the Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lai-Meng LOOI MD, FRCPath, Kaw-Bing CHUA* MD, FRCPath

Year: 2007

Journal: Malaysian J Pathol

Summary#

Key Findings#

Nipah virus targeted medium-sized and small blood vessels resulting in endothelial multinucleated syncytia and fibrinoid necrosis.
Autopsies revealed disseminated cerebral microinfarctions resulting from vasculitis-induced thrombosis and direct neuronal involvement.
Nipah virus was discovered in the urine and saliva of Malaysian Island flying foxes, implicating them as natural reservoir hosts.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Malaysia and Singapore
Time Period: September 1998 to May 1999

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Revolutionizing Nipah virus vaccinology: insights into subunit vaccine development strategies and immunological advances

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Tapas Das, Sutapa Datta, Arnab Sen

Year: 2024

Journal: In Silico Pharmacology

DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00246-9

Summary#

The paper aims to develop a subunit vaccine against the Nipah virus (NiV) by analyzing its proteome and predicting T-cell, helper T-cell, and B-cell epitopes using various servers. The predicted high-affinity epitopes were evaluated for antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity, and molecular interactions with specific receptors were analyzed.

Key Findings#

Subunit vaccine development strategies for NiV
Prediction of T-cell, helper T-cell, and B-cell epitopes
Evaluation of epitopes’ antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity
Molecular interactions with specific receptors analyzed

Methodology#

Study Type: In Silico Study

Topics#

Vaccinology, Immunology

An Immunoinformatic-Based In Silico Identification on the Creation of a Multiepitope-Based Vaccination Against the Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Beant Kaur, Arun Karnwal, Anu Bansal, Tabarak Malik

Year: 2024

Journal: BioMed Research International

DOI: 10.1155/2024/4066641

Summary#

This paper describes an in silico study that identifies epitopes from the conserved region of NiV proteins and constructs a multiepitope-based vaccine candidate. The final vaccine candidate has a total combined coverage range of 80.53%.

Key Findings#

Two B cell epitopes, seven cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, and seven helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitope interactions from the NiV proteomic inventory were identified
The tertiary structure of the constructed vaccine was optimized, its stability confirmed with molecular simulation, and molecular docking performed to check binding affinity and energy with TLR-3 and TLR-5

Methodology#

Study Type: In Silico Study

Topics#

Immunoinformatics, Vaccine Development, Nipah Virus

Nipah Virus-associated Encephalitis Outbreak, Siliguri, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Mandeep S. Chadha, James A. Comer, Luis Lowe, Paul A. Rota, Pierre E. Rollin, William J. Bellini, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Akhilesh C. Mishra

Year: 2001

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: Not specified in the text

PMID: Not specified in the text

Summary#

Research on emerging infectious diseases: pros and cons of centralised government controls

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2024

Journal: Indian J Med Ethics

DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2024.016

Summary#

This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of centralized government control in research on emerging infectious diseases, focusing on the case study of Nipah virus research in Kerala.

Key Findings#

A centralised administrative structure may introduce bureaucratic delays
Centralised control enables better coordination and collaboration
Potential for overly rigid administrative frameworks can stifle innovation
Concentrating administrative control in the hands of government raises concerns about potential misuse of power

Methodology#

Study Type: Letter
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India

Topics#

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Government Oversight, Research Ethics

Trends in Bacterial Pathogens of Bats: Global Distribution and Knowledge Gaps

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Tamara Szentivanyi, Clifton McKee, Gareth Jones, Jefrey T. Foster

Year: 2023

Journal: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

DOI: 10.1155/2023/9285855

Summary#

This paper describes the distribution of potentially zoonotic bacterial genera in bats using published presence-absence data.

Key Findings#

Bartonella, Leptospira, and Mycoplasma are the most frequently detected bacterial genera in bats.
Other bacterial genera such as Anaplasma, Brucella, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Francisella, Neorickettsia, and Rickettsia are occasionally found in bats.
Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Pteropodidae are most frequently reported as hosts of bacterial pathogens. However, at least one bacterial genus was confirmed in all 15 bat families tested.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: 58 countries and four overseas departments and island states

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Experiential learnings from the Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala towards containment of infectious public health emergencies in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Rima R. Sahay, Pragya D. Yadav, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Nivedita Gupta, Anita M. Shete, Ganesh Mohan, Nikhilesh Menon, Tarun Bhatnagar, Suma Krishnasastry, Abhijeet V. Kadam, Ullas P. T., Anu Kumar B., Sugunan A. P., Sreekala V. K., Raman R. Gangakhedkar, Devendra T. Mourya

Year: 2020

Journal: Epidemiology and Infection

DOI: 10.1017/S0950268820000825

Summary#

This paper describes the response and control measures taken by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Kerala State Government to contain a Nipah virus outbreak in Ernakulam district, India.

Neurological pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic potential RNA viruses: a comparative analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nikhil Chakravarty, Thrisha Senthilnathan, Sophia Paiola, Priya Gyani, Sebastian Castillo Cario, Estrella Urena, Akash Jeysankar, Prakash Jeysankar, Joseph Ignatius Irudayam, Sumathi Natesan Subramanian, Helen Lavretsky, Shantanu Joshi, Gustavo Garcia Jr., Arunachalam Ramaiah, Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in text

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This review paper discusses the abilities of SARS-CoV-2 and other neurotropic RNA viruses, including Zika virus and Nipah virus, to cross the blood–brain barrier into the central nervous system. It highlights the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing presence and severity of brain structural changes in COVID-19 patients and presents new insight into key mutations in SARS-CoV-2 variants that may impact on neuropilin 1 binding and CNS invasion.

Seroprevalence of Nipah virus and related paramyxoviruses in native frugivorous bats, Luzon, Philippines

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Marana S. Rekedala, Mary-Glazel Noroñac, Jairue Azel P. Caféc, Neil Mittala, Sophie A. Borthwick, Kirk J. Taraya, Jezryl Jaeger L. Garcia, Samantha L. Magsano, Hazel R. Cruze, Dorothy Jane Manzano, Lianying Yana, Dolyce H. W. Low, David T. S. Hayman, Mary Grace Dacumae, Catalino Demetriac, Phillip A. Alviola, Fedelino F. Malbasc, Gavin J. D. Smith, Eric D. Laing

Year: 2025

Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections

DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2025.2555720

Summary#

This paper identifies wildlife bat hosts of Nipah virus by conducting monthly serological surveillance across Luzon, Philippines and finds a 13.92% NiV seroprevalence in native flying foxes.

A comparative genomic approach to decipher the mutations associated with Nipah viral human isolates from southeast Asia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Norine Norbert Dsouza, Selvaa Kumar Chellasamy

Year: 2024

Journal: Volume 16 Number 1 (February 2024) 104-113

Summary#

This paper uses a comparative genomic approach to identify mutations in Nipah virus (NiV) human isolates from Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India.

Key Findings#

NiV isolates were categorized into NiV-M, NiV-B, and NiV-I clades based on phylogenetic analysis
Metagenomic analysis revealed 1636 variations in the noncoding and coding regions of the genomes of the three clades of NiV
The phosphoprotein was found to be highly mutating, whereas the matrix protein was stable

Methodology#

Study Type: Original Article
Sample Size: 37 NiV genomes of human samples
Geographic Focus: Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India

Topics#

Nipah virus, Phylogeny, Mutations, Host-pathogen interaction

Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi Ngan Maia, Fred Ungerb, Hu Suk Leeb, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet

Year: 2024

Journal: Veterinary Quarterly

DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965

Summary#

This paper conducts a systematic literature review of the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia from 2011 to 2022.

Key Findings#

Emerging zoonotic diseases were found to be prevalent across Southeast Asia
Poultry-related zoonotic diseases, particularly in Cambodia and Vietnam, were identified as high priority

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review
Sample Size: N/A (Review of studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals, and wildlife)
Geographic Focus: Southeast Asia
Time Period: 2011–2022

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical

Major bat-borne zoonotic viral epidemics in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shahneaz Ali Khan, Abu Zubayer Tanzin, Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz, Md Mazharul Islam, Ariful Islam, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan

Year: 2024

Journal: Journal not specified in the text

DOI: 10.1002/vms3.835

Summary#

This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis analyzing data on bat-originated viral zoonotic diseases in Asia and Africa, focusing on their respiratory cellular tropism, susceptibility, and overall likelihood of causing pandemics.

Key Findings#

The pooled estimates of case fatality rates of bat-originated viral zoonotic diseases were higher in Africa (61.06%, 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2 % = 97.3, p < 0.001).
Estimates of case fatality rates were higher in Ebola (61.06%; 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2 % = 97.3, p < 0.001) followed by Nipah (55.19%; 95%CI: 39.29 to 71.09, l2 % = 94.2, p < 0.001), MERS (18.49%; 95%CI: 8.19 to 28.76, l2 % = 95.4, p < 0.001) and SARS (10.86%; 95%CI: 6.02 to 15.71, l2 % = 85.7, p < 0.001) with the overall case fatality rates of 29.86 (95%CI: 29.97 to 48.58, l2 % = 99.0, p < 0.001).
Bat-originated viruses have caused several outbreaks of deadly diseases, including Nipah, Ebola, SARS and MERS in Asia and Africa.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sample Size: Data analyzed from multiple studies
Geographic Focus: Asia and Africa
Time Period: Not specified in the text

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical

Current progress towards prevention of Nipah and Hendra disease in humans: A scoping review of vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates being evaluated in clinical trials

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Valerie Rodrigue, Nicole E. Basta, Katie Gravagna

Year: 2024

DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13979

Summary#

This paper reviews clinical trials for vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates designed to prevent Nipah and Hendra diseases in humans.

Key Findings#

Three vaccine candidates (Hendra Virus Soluble Glycoprotein Vaccine [HeV-sG-V], PHV02, and mRNA-1215) and one mAb (m102.4) have registered human clinical trials.
All trials are phase 1, dose-ranging trials taking place in the United States of America or Australia and enrolling healthy adults.

Methodology#

Study Type: Scoping Review
Geographic Focus: [‘United States of America’, ‘Australia’]
Time Period: Up to June 2023

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Development of Nipah virus-specific IgM & IgG ELISA for screening human serum samples

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anita M. Shete, Rajlaxmi Jain, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Prachi Pardeshi, Pragya D. Yadav, Nivedita Gupta, Devendra Mourya

Year: 2024

Journal: Indian J Med Res

DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2737_21

Summary#

The paper develops and evaluates IgM and IgG ELISAs for detecting Nipah virus antibodies in human sera, demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity.

Key Findings#

99.28% specificity and 100% sensitivity of the developed anti-NiV IgM ELISA compared to reference test
90% positive predictive value and 93.94% positive predictive value for anti-Nipah IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA respectively with test accuracy of 99.33%

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Diagnostic Tests

Letter to editor: Serosurvey for Nipah virus in bat population of southern part of India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Not specified in text

Year: 2022

Journal: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Summary#

A study conducted serosurvey for Nipah virus in bat populations across southern India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Puducherry, and Odisha) between January and November 2019. The survey found that 20% of Pteropus medius bats tested positive for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies but no virus was detected.

Key Findings#

20% of Pteropus medius bats tested positive for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies
No Nipah virus was detected in any bat specimen

Methodology#

Study Type: Surveillance study
Sample Size: 573 throat/rectal swabs and 255 sera of Pteropus medius bats
Geographic Focus: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Puducherry, and Odisha in Southern India
Time Period: January-November 2019

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Genomic characterization, transcriptome analysis, and pathogenicity of the Nipah virus (Indian isolate)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sreelekshmy Mohandasa, Anita Shetea, Prasad Sarkalea, Abhinendra Kumara, Chandrasekhar Moteb, Pragya Yadava

Year: 2023

Journal: VIRULENCE

DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2224642

Summary#

This paper analyzes the genomic characterization, transcriptome, and pathogenicity of a Nipah virus (Indian isolate) using Vero (ATCC® CCL−81™) and BHK−21 cells in a Syrian hamster model.

Key Findings#

The Indian isolate shows ~4% nucleotide and amino acid difference compared to the Bangladesh strains of NiV, with most substitutions not being significant except for the phosphoprotein gene.
Differential expression of viral genes was observed following infection in Vero (ATCC® CCL−81™) and BHK−21 cells.
Intraperitoneal infection resulted in a dose-dependent multisystemic disease with prominent vascular lesions in lungs, brain, kidney, and extra vascular lesions in the brain and lungs.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental (using cell lines and animal model)
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Virology, Pathology, Epidemiology

Letter to editor: Serosurvey for Nipah virus in bat population of southern part of India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Not specified in the provided text

Year: 2022

Journal: Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

DOI: Not specified in the provided text

PMID: Not specified in the provided text

Summary#

This paper reports a serosurvey for Nipah virus among bat populations in southern India, which detected anti-Nipah IgG antibodies in 20% of Pteropus medius bats.

Key Findings#

20% of Pteropus medius bats captured from Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Puducherry demonstrated presence of anti-Nipah IgG antibodies
Presence of Nipah virus couldn’t be detected in any bat specimen

Methodology#

Study Type: Serosurvey
Sample Size: 573 bat swabs and 255 Pteropus medius bats sera
Geographic Focus: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Puducherry, and Odisha in southern India
Time Period: January-November 2019

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Major zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sukanta Chowdhury, Mohammad A. Aleem, Md Shafiqul I. Khan, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Sumon Ghosh, Mohammed Z. Rahman

Year: 2021

Journal: Veterinary Medicine and Science

DOI: 10.1002/vms3.465

Summary#

This paper reviews major zoonotic diseases that have caused outbreaks in humans in Bangladesh, such as Nipah virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Key Findings#

More than 300 human cases of Nipah virus infection have been reported since the first outbreak in 2001
The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) has caused more than 550 poultry outbreaks, and eight human cases have been reported since 2007

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Functional and antigenic landscape of the Nipah virus receptor-binding protein

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Brendan B. Larsen, Teagan McMahon, Jack T. Brown, Zhaoqian Wang, Caelan E. Radford, James E. Crowe, Jr., David Veesler, Jesse D. Bloom

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2025.02.030

Summary#

The paper provides insights into the functional and antigenic properties of the Nipah virus receptor-binding protein (RBP) through deep mutational scanning, which helps understand viral evolution and design therapeutics.

Key Findings#

Deep mutational scanning of the Nipah virus RBP was performed
A pseudovirus platform was used to measure mutation effects safely
All mutations were measured for their impact on cell entry, receptor binding, and antibody escape
Functionally constrained regions of the RBP were identified, including oligomerization sites
Mutations affecting RBP binding to its two ephrin receptors were validated

Methodology#

Study Type: Deep mutational scanning

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical

Hendra virus: Epidemiology dynamics in relation to climate change, diagnostic tests and control measures

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ka Y. Yuen, Natalie S. Fraser, Joerg Henning, Kim Halpin, Justine S. Gibson, Lily Betzien, Allison J. Stewart, *

Year: 2021

Journal: One Health

Summary#

This paper reviews Hendra virus epidemiology, presents a biosecurity protocol for veterinary clinics, and describes diagnostic tests currently available and under development.

Key Findings#

No HeV vaccinated horse has tested positive for HeV infection
Future spillover events are predicted to move further south and inland in Queensland and New South Wales

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Queensland and New South Wales, Australia

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Henipavirus zoonosis: outbreaks, animal hosts and potential new emergence

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hongzhao Li, Ji-Young V. Kim, Bradley S. Pickering

Year: 2023

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167085

Summary#

This paper reviews the outbreaks, animal hosts, and potential new emergence of Henipavirus zoonotic pathogens (Hendra virus and Nipah virus) causing severe neurological and respiratory disease.

Key Findings#

HeV has caused sporadic infections in horses and a small number of human cases in Australia since 1994.
NiV Malaysia genotype (NiV-M) was responsible for the 1998–1999 epizootic outbreak in pigs with spillover to humans in Malaysia and Singapore.
Since 2001, the NiV Bangladesh genotype (NiV-B) has been the predominant strain leading to outbreaks almost every year in Bangladesh and India, with hundreds of infections in humans.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India
Time Period: 1994-Present

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Genetic diversity of Nipah virus in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: M.Z. Rahman, M.M. Islam, M.E. Hossain, M.M. Rahman, A. Islam, A. Siddika, M.S.S. Hossain, S. Sultan, A. Islam, M. Rahman, M. Rahman, J.D. Klena, M.S. Flora, P. Daszak, J.H. Epstein, S.P. Lubye, E.S. Gurley

Year: 2021

Journal: International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Summary#

This study aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology and evolution of Nipah virus in Bangladesh.

Key Findings#

NiV-RNA was detected in 19% of bat roost urine samples.
Nine N gene sequences were recovered from bat samples.
Sequences were retrieved from 53% of archived RNA samples from patients.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Bangladeshi strains belonged to NiV-BD genotype.
The analyses suggested that the strains of NiV-BD genotype diverged during 1995 and formed two sublineages.

Methodology#

Study Type: Molecular detection, genetic characterization, Bayesian time-scale evolution analyses
Sample Size: 456 bat roost urine samples and archived RNA samples from patients during 2012–2018 in Bangladesh
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: 2012–2018

Topics#

Nipah virus, Genetic characterization, Phylogenetics, Evolution

Nipah Virus Disease: Recent Perspective and One Health Approach

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Monil Singhai, Manju Bala, Ruchi Jain, Sujeet Singh, Sarika Jain, Rajeev Goyal

Year: 2021

Journal: Annals of Global Health

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.3431

Summary#

The paper presents a summary of the re-emergence and response to Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala, India in 2018 and 2019. It highlights the involvement of various stakeholders in managing the outbreak and advocates for the ‘One Health approach’ in public health.

Key Findings#

Lab-confirmed NiV samples were collected from outbreak sites
A multidisciplinary response mechanism helped understand the importance of One Health approach
Existing surveillance systems were utilized for streamlined response

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018 and 2019

Topics#

Epidemiology, Public Health, Virology, Policy

Surveillance of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius of Kerala state, India, 2023

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: R. Balasubramanian, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Ullas P. Thankappan, Anita Shete, Dilip Patil, Kannan Sabarinath, Basavaraj Mathapati, Rima Sahay, Deepak Patil, Pragya D. Yadav

Year: 2024

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342170

Summary#

This paper reports a cross-sectional study on the Pteropus medius bat population in Kerala, India, to determine Nipah virus (NiV) presence through testing throat swabs, rectal swabs, organ samples, and serum samples. The research found an overall seroprevalence of 20.9% in 272 bats tested, with 4 out of 44 bats testing positive for NiV in their liver/spleen samples.

Beyond the Headlines: Why Henipaviruses Warrant Our Attention

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Biplab Adhikari

Year: 2025

Journal: Acta Medica (Hradec Králové)

DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2025.11

Summary#

This paper discusses the significance of henipaviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) as zoonotic threats with high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options. It highlights recent discoveries and the need for expanded research into effective antivirals, vaccines, and enhanced surveillance.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses (HeV and NiV) have high mortality rates in humans (60% and 92% respectively)
Clinical presentation of henipaviruses can range from mild influenza-like symptoms to severe encephalitis and/or respiratory failure
First reported case of henipavirus was in Australia in 1994, followed by an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998–1999

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Henipaviruses, Zoonotic diseases, Epidemiology, Public health

Paramyxoviruses in rodents: A review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Firdaus Mohd-Qawiem, Abdul Rahman Nawal-Amani, Farzee Faranieyza-Afiqah, Abd Rahaman Yasmin, Siti Suri Arshad, Mohamed Sohaimi Norfitriah, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila

Year: 2022

Journal: Open Veterinary Journal

DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i6.14

Summary#

This review discusses various paramyxoviruses found in rodents, their distribution, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and control measures.

Key Findings#

Several novel murine paramyxoviruses have been discovered, such as Beilong virus, Mojiang virus (MojV), Tailam virus in rats, Jeilongvirus, Nariva, Paju Apodemus paramyxovirus-1 and -2 in mice, and Pentlands paramyxovirus-1, -2, and -3 in squirrels.
These viruses were reported mainly in China and a few other countries like Australia, the Republic of Korea, Trinidad, and France.
In June 2012, three miners died potentially due to a novel zoonotic MojV, a henipa-like virus.
Rats are considered natural hosts for the MojV.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: [‘China’, ‘Australia’, ‘Republic of Korea’, ‘Trinidad’, ‘France’]

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

Serological evidence of virus infection in Eidolon helvum fruit bats: implications for bushmeat consumption in Nigeria

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Diego Cantoni, Martin Mayora-Neto, Mariliza Derveni, Kelly Da Costa, Joanne Del Rosario, Veronica O. Ameh, Claude T. Sabeta, Bethany Auld, Arran Hamlet, Ian M. Jones, Edward Wright, Simon D. Scott, Efstathios S. Giotis, Ashley C. Banyard, Nigel Temperton

Year: 2023

Journal: Front. Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283113

Summary#

This paper presents serological evidence of virus infection in Eidolon helvum fruit bats, implying potential risks associated with bushmeat consumption in Nigeria.

Impact of Plantation Induced Forest Degradation on the Outbreak of Emerging Infectious Diseases—Wayanad District, Kerala, India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kakoli Saha, *, Debjani Ghatak, Nair Shruti S. Muralee

Year: 2022

Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127036

Summary#

This research investigates the impact of forest degradation on infectious disease outbreaks in Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The study analyzed land use and land cover change from 1950 to 2018, and employed GIS tools, remote sensing data, extensive field work, and disease data to discover the relationship between LULCC and disease outbreak.

Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Luigi Bruno, Maria Anna Nappo, Luca Ferrari, Rosanna Di Lecce, Chiara Guarnieri, Anna Maria Cantoni, Attilio Corradi

Year: 2023

Journal: Animals

DOI: 10.3390/ani13010159

Summary#

This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention, and legislation related to Nipah virus infection, focusing on its zoonotic potential in swine. It highlights the severity of the disease in humans and pigs, with respiratory and neurological signs and high mortality.

Key Findings#

NiV is caused by a Henipavirus and primarily infects fruit bats but can also affect domestic animals like pigs, horses, dogs, and cats
The disease can lead to severe symptoms and death in humans and pigs
Human-to-human transmission of NiV has been recorded
Effective treatments and prophylaxis are still a goal due to limited understanding of the infection in humans
Climate change and anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems should be considered as factors contributing to the spread of zoonoses

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Benjamin Kaza, Hector C. Aguilar

Year: 2023

Journal: VIRULENCE

DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273684

Summary#

This paper reviews the pathogenesis, replication cycle, epidemiology, genomics, and host responses of henipaviruses, including Nipah (NiV), Hendra (HeV), Langya (LayV), Gamak (GAKV), and CedV.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses are responsible for a range of respiratory and neurological diseases in humans and animals.
NiV and HeV are maintained in fruit bat reservoirs and can spillover into humans or animals.
Recent advances in surveillance have revealed a high number of henipaviral genome sequences distributed across most continents.
Emerging henipaviruses include Langya (LayV) and Mojiang (MojV), which infect shrews and rats, respectively.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats

Scoping future outbreaks: a scoping review on the outbreak prediction of the WHO Blueprint list of priority diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nils Jonkmans, Valérie D’Acremont, Antoine Flahault

Year: 2021

Journal: BMJ Global Health

DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006623

Summary#

This paper conducts a scoping review on the available evidence for predicting future outbreaks of diseases on the WHO Blueprint list, including Ebola, Marburg virus, Zika virus, Lassa fever, Nipah and Henipaviral disease, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Disease X.

Key Findings#

5 major prediction methods emerged; the most frequent being spatio-temporal risk maps predicting outbreak risk periods and locations through vector and climate data.
Stochastic models were predominant. Rift Valley fever was the most predicted disease.

Methodology#

Study Type: Scoping Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Streamlined detection of Nipah virus antibodies using a split NanoLuc biosensor

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Éric Bergeron, Cheng-Feng Chiang, Michael K. Lo, Elif Karaaslan, Syed Moinuddin Satter Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Wasik Rahman Aquib, Dewan Imtiaz Rahman, Subyeta Binte Sarwar, Joel M. Montgomery, John D. Klena, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2024

Journal: Emerging Microbes & Infections

DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2398640

Summary#

Researchers developed and validated a split NanoLuc luciferase NiV glycoprotein (G) biosensor for detecting antibodies in clinical and animal samples. The assay was tested using the WHO’s first international standard for anti-NiV antibodies and more than 700 serum samples from Bangladesh, showing sensitivity and specificity comparable to anti-NiV IgG ELISA performance.

A Novel DNAzyme-Based Fluorescent Biosensor for Detection of RNA-Containing Nipah Henipavirus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anastasiia Kirichenko, Ekaterina Bryushkova, Vladimir Dedkov, Anna Dolgova

Year: 2023

Journal: Biosensors

DOI: 10.3390/bios13020252

Summary#

This paper describes the development of a fluorescent biosensor for detecting Nipah virus RNA using DNAzyme 10–23.

Key Findings#

Developed a Dz_NiV biosensor based on a split catalytic core of deoxyribozyme 10–23
Assembly of active 10–23 DNAzymes occurred only in the presence of synthetic target Nipah virus RNA
Achieved a 10 nM limit of detection for the synthetic target RNA

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study

Topics#

Biosensors, Virology, RNA

Discovery and genetic characterization of novel paramyxoviruses from small mammals in Hubei Province, Central China

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jia-le Xu, *, Jin-tao Chen, *, Bing Hu, *, Wei-wei Guo, *, Jing-jing Guo, Chao-rui Xiong, Ling-xin Qin, Xin-nai Yu, Xiao-min Chen, Kun Cai, Yi-rong Li, *, Man-qing Liu, *, Liang-jun Chen, *, Wei Hou, *

Year: 2024

Journal: Microbial Genomics

DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001229

Summary#

Researchers discovered and characterized novel paramyxoviruses in small mammals from Hubei Province, Central China. Most of these viruses belong to the genus Jeilongvirus.

Key Findings#

190 paramyxovirus sequences were obtained from 969 small mammals
Viruses were classified into four clades: genera Jeilongvirus, Morbillivirus, Henipavirus and Narmovirus
Six near-full-length genomes with different genomic organizations were recovered
Co-divergence analysis showed host-switching occurred frequently in the evolutionary histories of the genus Jeilongvirus

Methodology#

Study Type: Hemi-nested reverse transcription PCR study
Sample Size: 969 small mammals
Geographic Focus: Hubei Province, Central China

Topics#

Paramyxoviruses, Wildlife, Zoonotic diseases, Genome content, Evolution

Nipah Outbreak: Is it the beginning of another pandemic in the era of COVID-19 and Zika

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Vikram Thakur, Pryanka Thakur, Radha Kanta Ratho

Year: 2022

Journal: Brain Behavior and Immunity

Summary#

This paper discusses the emergence of a Nipah virus case in Kerala, India amidst COVID-19 and Zika outbreaks, and its potential burden on the healthcare system.

Key Findings#

There was a case of Nipah virus encephalitis reported in a 12-year-old boy in Kerala’s Kozhikode hospital
The first identification of NiV was in Malaysia in 1999, with over 260 deaths worldwide since then

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: December 2019 - September 5, 2021

Topics#

Nipah Virus, COVID-19, Zika Virus

Clinical Medicine 2022 Vol 22, No 4: 348–52 - Review of Nipah virus encephalitis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ali M AlamA

Year: 2022

Journal: Clinical Medicine

Summary#

This paper reviews Nipah virus encephalitis, an emerging zoonotic disease causing fatal encephalitis endemic to southeast Asia and the western Pacific. The review discusses its transmission, clinical presentation, and importance for UK clinicians to consider in returning travellers.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus causing fatal encephalitis
It can be transmitted by fruit bats, through intermediate animal vectors, and human-to-human spread
Outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, India, and Bangladesh with high case fatality rates
No vaccines or therapeutic management options are available
It has the potential to cause a global pandemic

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: R. Sagaya Jansi, Ameer Khusro, Paul Agastian, Ahmed Alfarhan, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Rajakrishnan Rajagopal, Damia Barcelo, Amal Al-Tamimi

Year: 2021

Journal: Science of the Total Environment

Summary#

This paper suggests that natural resources could be a future source of antiviral therapy for deadly human diseases such as Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, and Herpes simplex virus infection.

Key Findings#

Viral diseases with high mortality rates are major public health threats globally
Antiviral drugs and vaccines against deadly diseases are of urgent demand
Medicines from natural resources have shown low side-effect to humans
Plants, fungi, and microorganisms are recognized as potent antiviral agents
Drugs from natural resources as future antiviral therapy are suggested

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Antiviral, Alternative therapy, Ethno medicine

Metagenomic Snapshots of Viral Components in Guinean Bats

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Roberto J. Hermida Lorenzo, Dániel Cadar, Fara Raymond Koundouno, Javier Juste, Alexandra Bialonski, Heike Baum, Juan Luis García-Mudarra, Henry Hakamaki, András Bencsik, Emily V. Nelson, Miles W. Carroll, N’Faly Magassouba, Stephan Günther, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit, César Muñoz Fontela, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2021

Journal: Microorganisms

DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030599

Summary#

This paper applies unbiased metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to decipher the virosphere of bat species in Guinea, with a focus on understanding the origins of zoonotic infectious diseases including Nipah virus.

Antivirotics based on defective interfering particles: emerging concepts and challenges

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: S. V. Maryanchik, S. E. Borovikova, A. O. Ivanova, V. V. Troﬁmov, O. E. Bagrova, A. S. Frolova, O. N. Mityaeva, P. Yu Volchkov, A. A. Deviatkin

Year: 2025

Journal: Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1436026

Summary#

This paper discusses antivirotics based on defective interfering particles and their emerging concepts and challenges.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology

Relevance#

The paper discusses the potential of defective interfering particles as antivirotics, which could be significant for combating various viral infections.

Mapping Risk of Nipah Virus Transmission from Bats to Humans in Thailand

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Aingorn Chaiyes, Prateep Duengkae, Warong Suksavate, Nantachai Pongpattananurak, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Kevin J. Olival, Kornsorn Srikulnath, Sura Pattanakiat, Thiravat Hemachudha

Year: 2022

Journal: Ecohealth

DOI: 10.1007/s10393-022-01588-6

Summary#

This paper constructs risk maps for Nipah virus (NiV) spillover and transmission in Thailand by combining ecological niche models for the bat reservoir with spatial data related to NiV transmission sources. The study predicts that due to climate change, the range of Lyle’s flying fox, a significant host of NiV in mainland Southeast Asia, is predicted to expand.

Virology | Review: Henipaviruses: epidemiology, ecology, disease, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jessica R. Spengler, Michael K. Lo, Stephen R. Welch, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2024

Journal: Journal Name (not provided in the text)

Summary#

This paper reviews the epidemiology, ecology, disease, and development of vaccines and therapeutics for Henipaviruses, focusing on Hendra virus, Nipah virus, and their related viruses.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology

Relevance#

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of Henipaviruses, including Nipah virus, which is particularly relevant for understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and potential treatment options for these viruses.

Dexamethasone treatment does not alter mortality but reduces pulmonary pathology in Nipah virus-infected Syrian hamsters

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kerry Goldina, Bridget Brackney, Tessa Lutterman, Brandi N. Williamson, Manmeet Singh, Christopher Winsk, Kathleen Cordova, Meaghan Flagg, Emmie de Wit

Year: 2025

Journal: Antiviral Res

DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106263

Summary#

The study investigates the effect of dexamethasone on Nipah virus-infected Syrian hamsters, finding that while it reduces pulmonary pathology, it does not increase survival.

Key Findings#

Dexamethasone treatment produces hematologic changes in uninfected animals in a dose-dependent manner.
In NiV-infected animals, the anti-inflammatory dose of dexamethasone reduces pulmonary pathology, while the immunosuppressive dose has no effect.
The anti-inflammatory dose does not increase virus replication in tissues or virus shedding from the respiratory tract.
Despite reduced lung pathology, dexamethasone treatment does not increase survival after NiV challenge.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: Syrian Hamsters
Geographic Focus: Hamilton, MT, United States of America

Topics#

Virology, Treatment, Hamster Model

Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, Philip Lawrence, Javier Castillo-Olivares

Year: 2023

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156758

Summary#

This paper reviews the immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola, and Nipah virus infections.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Immunology, Virology, Epidemiology

Relevance#

This paper provides valuable insights into the immune correlates of protection for three high-consequence viruses, which could aid in the development and licensing of vaccines.

Source#

Download PDF

Recurrent Nipah outbreaks in Kerala: implications for health policy and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Asuma Ayesha Rahim, Priya Chandran, V. Bindu, Chandini Radhakrishnan, Anitha P. Moorkoth, Lathika Velichapat Ramakrishnan

Year: 2024

Journal: Front. Public Health

DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1356515

Summary#

This paper discusses the epidemiology of Nipah virus infection in Kerala, India, offering insights for future health policies to enhance preparedness for future outbreaks.

Key Findings#

Three out of four outbreaks occurred in a specific geographic belt
Average age of affected individuals was 41 years, with a male predominance
Mean incubation period was 9 days
Transmission primarily occurred within healthcare settings due to lapses in infection prevention and control practices

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy, Public Health

Evidence for Nipah virus recrudescence and serological patterns of captive Pteropus vampyrus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: A. R. SOHAYATI, L. HASSAN, *, S. H. SHARIFAH, K. LAZARUS, C. M. ZAINI, J. H. EPSTEIN, N. SHAMSYUL NAIM, H. E. FIELD, S. S. ARSHAD, J. ABDUL AZIZ, P. DASZAK, *

Year: 2011

Journal: Epidemiol Infect

DOI: 10.1017/S0950268811000550

Summary#

This study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics and serological patterns of Nipah virus in Pteropus vampyrus bats over a 1-year period. The findings suggest that NiV circulates in wild bat populations, antibody could be maintained for long periods, maternal antibodies against NiV are transmitted passively, and NiV was isolated from the urine of one bat.

Immunological correlates of protection afforded by PHV02 live, attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccine against Nipah virus disease

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Thomas P. Monath, Richard Nichols, Friederike Feldmann, Amanda Grifﬁn, Elaine Haddock, Julie Callison, Kimberly Meade-White, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Patrick W. Hanley, Chad S. Clancy, Carl Shaia, Wasima Rida, Joan Fusco

Year: 2023

Journal: Front. Immunol.

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1216225

Summary#

This paper investigates immunological correlates of protection afforded by PHV02, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vector vaccine against Nipah virus disease in the African green monkey model. Neutralizing antibody to Nipah virus is proposed as the principal mediator of protection.

Praemonitus praemunitus: can we forecast and prepare for future viral disease outbreaks?

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Zoe Sessions, Tesia Bobrowski, Holli-Joi Martin, Jon-Michael T. Beasley, Aneri Kothari, Trevor Phares, Michael Li, Vinicius M. Alves, Marcus T. Scotti, Nathaniel J. Moorman, Ralph Baric, Alexander Tropsha

Year: 2023

Journal: FEMS Microbiology Reviews

DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad048

Summary#

This paper discusses the importance of learning from past pandemics to predict and minimize future viral outbreaks, focusing on viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, DENV, ZIKV, MAYV, LASV, noroviruses, influenza, Nipah virus, hantaviruses, Oropouche virus, MARV, and Ebola virus.

An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, Roberto Nardini, Muhammad Safdar, Awad A. Shehata, Phelipe Magalhães Duarte

Year: 2022

Journal: Pathogens

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111376

Summary#

This paper reviews how human activities like deforestation, wildlife contact, pollution, and disorderly agricultural practices contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy, Ecology

Relevance#

This paper sheds light on the human activities that drive zoonotic diseases, which is crucial for understanding and addressing the Nipah virus outbreak.

jme-2023-109469

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Source#

Download PDF

The latest advancements in Sosuga virus (SOSV) research

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nathan M. Markarian, Levon Abrahamyan

Year: 2024

Journal: Front. Microbiol.

DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1486792

Summary#

This paper reviews the latest advancements in understanding Sosuga Virus (SOSV), a zoonotic paramyxovirus from bats, focusing on its pathogenesis, animal models, and antiviral strategies.

Key Findings#

SOSV is a zoonotic virus discovered in a hospitalized biologist who returned from Africa in 2012
Investigating SOSV’s pathogenesis, epidemiology, and developing antiviral strategies are crucial for controlling potential future outbreaks

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Africa
Time Period: 2012 and later

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Emerging and re-emerging viral infections in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Mamta Patel, Akhil Dhanesh Goel, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Nitin Joshi, Nitesh Kumar, Manoj Kumar Gupta, Vidhi Jain, Suman Saurabh, Kamlesh Patel

Year: 2021

Journal: J Prev Med Hyg

Summary#

The number of outbreaks of viral infections like Nipah, Zika, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, Kyasanur Forest Disease, and currently COVID-19 have been increasing in India for many years. There is a need for better surveillance, disease burden assessments, understanding vector biology, mapping endemic areas, strengthening intersectoral coordination, improving infection control practices, and ensuring the availability of Personal Protective Equipment’s, drugs, and vaccines.

Nipah virus dynamics in bats and implications for spillover to humans

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon J. Anthony, Ariful Islam, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Maria D. Balkey, Noam Ross, Ina Smith, Carlos Zambrana-Torreli, Yun Tao, Ausraful Islam, Phenix Lan Quan, Kevin J. Olival, M. Salah Uddin Khan, Emily S. Gurley, M. Jahangir Hosseini, Hume E. Field, Mark D. Fielder, Thomas Briese, Mahmudur Rahman, Christopher C. Broder, Gary Cramer, Lin-Fa Wang, Stephen P. Lyuby, W. Ian Lipkin, Peter Daszak

Year: 2020

Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–vectored vaccine induces long-lasting immunity against Nipah virus disease

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Alyssa C. Fears, Krystle N. Agans, Daniel J. Deer, Abhishek N. Prasad, Rachel O’Toole, Stephanie L. Foster, Natalie S. Dobias, Joan B. Geisbert, Karla A. Fenton, Robert W. Cross, Thomas W. Geisbert

Year: 2024

Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper reports on a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–based vaccine that provides long-lasting immunity against Nipah virus disease in African green monkeys.

Newly outbreak of Nipah virus: epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, diagnostic testing, treatment, and global health concern

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md. Rezaul Islam, Puja S. Dhar, Md. Mominur Rahman

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in the provided text

DOI: Not specified in the provided text

PMID: Not specified in the provided text

Summary#

The paper discusses the epidemiology, symptoms, transmission methods, diagnostic testing, and treatment of Nipah virus, highlighting its global health concern.

Key Findings#

NiV can cause respiratory problems and neurological symptoms in humans
Humans can contract NiV through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, consumption of contaminated food, or close interaction with infected individuals
The first recorded NiV outbreak occurred via close interaction with sick pigs, with no information on man-to-man transmission
Human-to-human transmission is frequently documented in Bangladesh and India, particularly in healthcare facilities and among the family and care of infected individuals
Various diagnostic techniques can be used to detect NiV, including viral isolation, immunohistochemistry, serological, molecular diagnostic techniques, real-time PCR, genome sequencing

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified in the provided text
Sample Size: Not specified in the provided text
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh and India
Time Period: Not specified in the provided text

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical, Public Health

Nipah Virus Bangladesh Infection Elicits Organ-Specific Innate and Inflammatory Responses in the Marmoset Model

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Christian S. Stevens, Jake Lowry, Terry Juelich, Colm Atkins, Kendra Johnson, Jennifer K. Smith, Maryline Panis, Tetsuro Ikegami, Benjamin tenOever, Alexander N. Freiberg, Benhur Lee

Year: 2023

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper studies the susceptibility and pathogenesis of Nipah virus Bangladesh strain (NiVB) infection in marmosets at biosafety level 4. The study reveals unique transcriptomes in different tissues from infected and control marmosets, particularly in the brainstem of a marmoset that exhibited neurological signs.

Nipah Virus in the Fruit Bat Pteropus vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Indrawati Sendow, Atik Ratnawati, Trevor Taylor, R. M. Abdul Adjid, Muharam Saepulloh, Jennifer Barr, Frank Wong, Peter Daniels, Hume Field

Year: 2013

Journal: PLoS ONE

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069544

Summary#

This paper reports the detection of Nipah virus genome in Pteropus vampyrus fruit bats in Sumatera, Indonesia using real time PCR.

Key Findings#

First report of Nipah virus detection in P. vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia

Methodology#

Study Type: Lab Study
Geographic Focus: Sumatera, Indonesia

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Flying-Fox Species Density - A Spatial Risk Factor for Hendra Virus Infection in Horses in Eastern Australia

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Craig Smith, Chris Skelly, Nina Kung, Billie Roberts, Hume Field

Year: 2014

Journal: PLoS ONE

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099965

Summary#

This paper investigates the relationship between flying-fox species density and reported Hendra virus infection in horses in Eastern Australia, identifying P. alecto and P. conspicillatus as likely sources of infection.

Key Findings#

Significant clustering of equine cases at a distance of 40 km, suggesting flying-fox roosts as a biologically plausible basis for the clustering
Multiple equine infection hot spots along the eastern Australia coast from far north Queensland to central New South Wales
The density of P. alecto and P. conspicillatus having the strongest positive correlation with equine case locations

Methodology#

Study Type: Study type not explicitly stated, but appears to be an observational study
Geographic Focus: Eastern Australia
Time Period: February 28, 2014 to June 17, 2014

Topics#

Virulogy, Epidemiology

Nipah amidst Covid-19 Pandemic – another Re-Emerging Infectious Disease of Pandemic Potential – a Narrative Review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ariyanachi KALIAPPANa, Vanangamudi KALIAPPANb, Jyothi Tadi LAKSHMIc, S RAJAc, Shalam Shireen NIKHATc, Meena S. VIDYAd, Mallamgunta SARANYAe, Triveni SAGARf, Kesavulu Dara CHENNAf

Year: 2022

Journal: Maedica – a Journal of Clinical Medicine

DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.2.464

Summary#

This paper is a narrative review discussing the history and recent outbreaks of Nipah virus, focusing on its detection in Kerala with the Malaysian variant.

Key Findings#

The case fatality rate of Nipah virus was almost 40% during the Malaysia outbreak in 1998-1999
All Indian outbreaks have seen person-to-person transmission
The virus found in Kerala differed from those two variants in terms of genetic structure
It also differed by 1.96% from the Bangladesh variant

Methodology#

Study Type: Narrative Review
Geographic Focus: India and Malaysia
Time Period: 1998-2021

Topics#

Viral Outbreaks, Epidemiology, Clinical

The Genetic Diversity of Nipah Virus Across Spatial Scales

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Oscar Cortes-Azuero, Noémie Lefrancq, Birgit Nikolay, Clifton McKee, Julien Cappelle, Vibol Hul, Tey Putita Ou, Thavry Hoem, Philippe Lemey, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ausraful Islam, Emily S. Gurley, Veasna Duong, Henrik Salje

Year: 2024

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper investigates the genetic diversity of Nipah virus across spatial scales using a comprehensive collection of genomes from bats and humans over 22 years in six countries.

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2023

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in the text

Summary#

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Key Findings#

Nipah Virus (NiV) has caused four outbreaks in Kerala since 2018, resulting in six infections and two fatalities.
Human NiV infections range from asymptomatic cases to fatal encephalitis.

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to the Editor)
Sample Size: Not specified
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: 2018-present

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Outbreak, Kerala, Zoonotic

Experimental Infection of Syrian Hamsters With Aerosolized Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Olivier Escaffre, Terence Hill, Tetsuro Ikegami, Terry L. Juelich, Jennifer K. Smith, Lihong Zhang, David E. Perez, Colm Atkins, Arnold Park, William S. Lawrence, Satheesh K. Sivasubramani, Jennifer E. Peel, Johnny W. Peterson, Benhur Lee, Alexander N. Freiberg

Year: 2024

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper evaluates the infectivity and pathogenicity of aerosolized Nipah virus (NiV) in Syrian hamsters, demonstrating that they develop similar clinical manifestations to those previously described using liquid inoculum.

Infectome analysis of bat kidneys from Yunnan province, China, reveals novel henipaviruses related to Hendra and Nipah viruses and prevalent bacterial and eukaryotic microbes

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Guopeng Kuang, Tian Yang, Weihong Yang, Jing Wang, Hong Pan, Yuanfei Pan, Qin-yu Gou, Wei-chen Wu, Juan Wang, Lifeng Yang, Xi Han, Yao-qing Chen, John-Sebastian Eden, Edward C. Holmes, Mang Shi, Yun Feng

Year: 2025

Journal: PLoS Pathog

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013235

Summary#

This paper analyzes the infectome (collection of viral, bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms) in bat kidneys from Yunnan province, China and finds novel henipaviruses related to Hendra and Nipah viruses.

Evaluation of a Single-Dose Nucleoside-Modified Messenger RNA Vaccine Encoding Hendra Virus-Soluble Glycoprotein Against Lethal Nipah virus Challenge in Syrian Hamsters

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Michael K. Lo, Jessica R. Spengler, Stephen R. Welch, Jessica R. Harmon, JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray, Florine E. M. Scholte, Punya Shrivastava-Ranjan, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Drew Weissman, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2024

Journal: The Journal of Infectious Diseases

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

A single-dose mRNA vaccine protected up to 70% of Syrian hamsters from lethal Nipah virus challenge, despite animals having suboptimally primed immune responses before challenge.

Navigating Nipah virus: Insights, challenges, and recommendations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Muhammad Hassan Hafeez, Hafsa Ajmal, Amna Nadeem, Shehroze Tabassum, Aymar Akilimali, *

Year: 2025

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

Summary#

This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a biosafety level 4 and category C pathogen belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and Henipavirus genus
NiV infections range from mild to severe, with an incubation period of 4–14 days and initial symptoms including fever, headache, and respiratory distress
Notably, NiV-MY proves more virulent than NiV-BD, highlighting genotypic variations

Methodology#

Study Type: Mini-Narrative Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

The Ecology of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: A Nexus of Land-Use Change and Opportunistic Feeding Behavior in Bats

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Clifton D. McKee, Ausraful Islam, Stephen P. Luby, Henrik Salje, Peter J. Hudson, Raina K. Plowright, Emily S. Gurley

Year: 2021

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v13020169

Summary#

The paper investigates the factors driving Nipah virus spillover in Bangladesh by analyzing the relationship between spillover events and climatic conditions, bat roost sizes, and land-use change over the last 300 years. It finds that winter temperature explains 53% of annual winter spillovers and suggests a shift in bat roosting behavior promoting viral spillover.

Climate Anomalies and Spillover of Bat-Borne Viral Diseases in the Asia–Pacific Region and the Arabian Peninsula

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Alice Latinne, Serge Morand

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14051100

Summary#

The paper investigates the potential association between climate factors and anomalies, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and land surface temperature anomalies, and the emergence and spillover events of bat-borne viral diseases in humans and livestock in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula.

Key Findings#

The spillover patterns of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh and the Hendra virus in Australia were differently impacted by climate variability and with different time lags.
The emergence events of most bat-borne viral diseases in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula were statistically associated with ENSO climate anomalies.
Spillover patterns of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh and the Hendra virus in Australia were also significantly associated with these events.

Methodology#

Study Type: Time series analysis, logistic regression models, structural equation modelling
Geographic Focus: [‘Asia–Pacific Region’, ‘Arabian Peninsula’]

Topics#

Bat-borne virus, Spillover, SARS-CoV-2, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Climate change, El Niño Southern Oscillation

Emerging threat: Nipah virus - A call for global preparedness and vigilance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2024

Journal: New Microbes and New Infections

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is highly virulent and prone to mutation
First human cases were reported between September 1998 and April 1999 in the Malaysian-Singaporean peninsula, with subsequent outbreaks in various countries
Fruit bats are the natural host of Nipah virus, while pigs may act as domestic animal intermediate amplifying hosts
Three routes of transmission are identified: eating fruit contaminated with NiV, coming into close contact with infected human bodily fluids, or getting in touch with the excretions or secretions of infected animals
A recent outbreak in Bangladesh has resulted in a case-fatality ratio (CFR) of 100%, highlighting the need for research and development of vaccines and treatments

Methodology#

Study Type: Letter to the Editor
Geographic Focus: [‘Malaysia’, ‘Singapore’, ‘India’, ‘Bangladesh’, ‘Philippines’]
Time Period: 1998-2024

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical, Policy

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, Alexandre Lalande, Cyrille Mathieu, Philip Lawrence

Year: 2023

Journal: Humans. Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v15030599

Summary#

This paper reviews key host-pathogen interactions influencing zoonotic spillover potential and transmission in humans, with a focus on the Nipah virus and Ebola virus.

Key Findings#

Key factors determining spillover potential include cellular and tissue tropism, virulence, and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogen, and the capacity to adapt and evolve within a novel host environment.
The review highlights an emerging understanding of the importance of steric hindrance of host cell factors by viral proteins using a ‘flytrap’-type mechanism of protein amyloidogenesis for future antiviral therapies against emerging pathogens.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Policy

Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2019

Journal: One Health

DOI: 10.xxxx/100080 or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This paper argues for considering the wider socioeconomic consequences of infectious disease events beyond traditional public health sectors.

Structural and functional analysis of the Nipah virus polymerase complex

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Side Hu, Heesu Kim, Pan Yang, Zishuo Yu, Barbara Ludeke, Shawna Mobilia, Junhua Pan, Margaret Stratton, Yuemin Bian, Rachel Fearns, Jonathan Abraham

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.021

Summary#

Key Findings#

Cryo-EM structure of the NiV L-P complex determined
Docking studies with an inhibitor clarify mechanisms of intrinsic NiV L resistance
Palm insert, zinc fingers, and P4 extension are critical for NiV L activity
Intrusion loop plays an essential role in RNA replication

Methodology#

Study Type: Structural analysis/Functional analysis

Topics#

Virology, Pharmacology

Assessing the feasibility of Nipah vaccine eﬄiciency trials based on previous outbreaks in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Birgit Nikolay, Gabriel Ribeiro dos Santos, Marc Lipsitch, Mahmudur Rahman, Stephen P. Luby, Henrik Salje, Emily S. Gurley, Simon Cauchemez

Year: 2021

Journal: Vaccine

DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.08.027

Summary#

This paper investigates the feasibility of conducting a phase III Nipah vaccine trial in Bangladesh using simulations based on previous outbreaks.

Key Findings#

Three vaccination study designs were compared: clustered randomized controlled trials (cRCT), stepped wedge trials (SWT) and randomized crossover trials (RxO).
The cRCT design requires the largest sample size but offers the highest statistical power.
The SWT and RxO designs have lower sample sizes but take longer to complete.

Methodology#

Study Type: Simulation Study
Sample Size: Not specified, depends on the study design
Geographic Focus: Bangladesh
Time Period: Previously observed NiV cases

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Prophylactic protection from lethal henipavirus disease mediated by Nipah-derived defective interfering particles is influenced by challenge virus strain and viral species

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Stephen R. Welch, Jessica R. Spengler, Jessica R. Harmon, JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray, Sarah C. Genzer, Katherine A. Davies, Teresa E. Sorvillo, Florine E. M. Scholte, Sergio E. Rodriguez, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou

Year: 2025

Journal: eBioMedicine

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105897

Summary#

The paper explores the effectiveness of defective interfering particles (DIPs) in reducing clinical signs and lethality of henipavirus infection in Syrian hamsters.

Key Findings#

Prophylactic DIP treatment reduced clinical signs and lethality in Syrian hamsters.
Single or repeated pre-exposure regimens provided protection, while post-exposure treatment was ineffective.
DIPs derived from NiV strain Malaysia were most effective against NiV Malaysia but also provided strong protection against the closely related NiV Bangladesh with certain regimens.
These DIPs offered minimal or no protection against lethality from the more distantly related Hendra virus.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: Syrian hamsters

Topics#

Virus research, Medical countermeasures, Henipaviruses, Nipah virus, Hendra virus

Recently Emerged Novel Henipa-like Viruses: Shining a Spotlight on the Shrew

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sarah Caruso, Sarah J. Edwards

Year: 2023

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v15122407

Summary#

This review focuses on the recent detection of novel unclassified henipaviruses with a strong emphasis on the shrew and its emerging role as a key host.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses are enveloped, negative-sense RNA viruses with an ability to infect a range of species
HeV and NiV can cause severe respiratory illness, neurological disease, febrile illness, and high fatality in animals and humans
Recent emergence of novel henipa-like viruses outside the geographic distribution of Pteropid fruit bats suggests that they are not the sole reservoir for henipaviruses

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Henipavirus, Paramyxovirus, Pteropid Bat, Shrew, Zoonotic

A systematic review of case reports on mortality, modes of infection, diagnostic tests, and treatments for Nipah virus infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Jayeshkumar Shah, Navaneethan Adityaraj, Moparthi Vagdevi, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Krithi Sree, Praneeth Aitha, Ram Prasanjith Reddy Bollampalli, Antony Joseph Pathinangil, Krupa Patel, Yussif Issaka

Year: 2024

Journal: Medicine®

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This paper conducts a systematic review of case reports on Nipah virus infection to examine geographic distribution, mortality, transmission pathways, and available methods for diagnosis and treatment.

Key Findings#

80% frequency of fever, 47% myalgia, 47% headache, 44.1% shortness of breath/acute respiratory distress syndrome, 44.1% altered sensorium, and 42.6% vomiting.
RT-PCR is the most commonly used diagnostic test.
Direct human contact with infected patients is the most common route of transmission.
Treatment modalities include interventional procedures, antiviral drugs, and symptomatic treatment.
Seizures (39.2%) and altered sensorium (35.7%) are the most common complications.

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review
Sample Size: N = 92 cases analyzed from 12 studies
Geographic Focus: Asia
Time Period: Years not specified

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Clinical

Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ranjeet Maurya, Aparna Swaminathan, Uzma Shamim, Smriti Arora, Pallavi Mishra, Aakarshan Raina, Varsha Ravi, Bansidhar Tarai, Sandeep Budhiraja, Rajesh Pandey

Year: 2023

Journal: iScience

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108336

Summary#

The study investigates the differential host-immune kinetics associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants during different time periods of Pre-VOC and VOCs (Delta & Omicron). The findings suggest that Omicron infection is marked by a robust type 1 interferon response, which was largely missing during Pre-VOC and Delta waves. The study highlights the eventual adaptation of host to immune activation patterns that interrupt virus evolution with enhanced immune-evasion mutations and counteraction mechanisms.

Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Swaraj Rajkhowa, Joyshikh Sonowal, Seema Rani Pegu, Rajib Deb, Vivek Kumar Gupta

Year: 2025

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v17030381

Summary#

This paper highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of zoonotic viral diseases in pigs in India, focusing on key viruses like Japanese encephalitis virus, Nipah virus, swine influenza, and others.

Key Findings#

Pigs serve as critical reservoirs for numerous zoonotic viral diseases
Japanese encephalitis virus persists as a major concern with pigs acting as amplifying host
Hepatitis E virus remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis in India
Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus and swine influenza virus demonstrate an evolving zoonotic landscape
Rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Discovery of a Novel Parahenipavirus, Parahenipavirus_GH, in Shrews in South Korea, 2022

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Gyuri Sim, Chi-Hwan Choi, Minji Lee, Hak Seon Lee, Seong Yoon Kim, Seung Hun Lee, Hee Il Lee, Yoon-Seok Chung

Year: 2025

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v17060867

Summary#

A novel Parahenipavirus, Parahenipavirus_GH, was discovered in shrews in South Korea, expanding the known geographical distribution range of parahenipaviruses.

Key Findings#

75 out of 285 individuals tested positive for Henipavirus or Parahenipavirus
The highest viral loads were found in Apodemus agrarius, Crocidura lasiura, and Crocidura shantungensis
A novel Parahenipavirus, Parahenipavirus_GH, was identified with distinct genomic features
Ixodes granulatus ticks were identified on the host shrew

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational Study
Sample Size: 285 rodents and shrews
Geographic Focus: South Korea

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Nipah Virus: A Zoonotic Threat Re-Emerging in the Wake of Global Public Health Challenges

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Francesco Branda, *, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Marta Giovanetti, Mattia Albanese, Erica Binetti, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa

Year: 2025

Journal: Microorganisms

DOI: 10.3390/

Summary#

This paper explores the re-emergence of the Nipah virus in Kerala, India, highlighting its critical concern for health authorities due to high fatality rates and lack of vaccine or curative treatment.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus is a highly lethal and unpredictable pathogen
Transmitted primarily through contact with fruit bats or consumption of contaminated food, as well as direct human-to-human transmission
World Health Organization has classified Nipah as a priority pathogen due to its potential to cause widespread outbreaks and even trigger the next pandemic
Recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh have exposed the vulnerability of public health systems in containing this virus

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India; global
Time Period: Recent outbreaks in India and Bangladesh

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Public Health, Global Health

Remdesivir (GS-5734) protects African green monkeys from Nipah virus challenge

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Michael K. Lo, Friederike Feldmann, Joy M. Gary, Robert Jordan, *Roy Bannister, Jacqueline Cronin, Nishi R. Patel, John D. Klena, Stuart T. Nichol, Tomas Cihlar, Sherif R. Zaki, Heinz Feldmann, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Emmie de Wit

Year: 2019

Journal: Sci Transl Med

DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau9242

Summary#

The paper tests the efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734), a broad-acting antiviral nucleotide prodrug, against Nipah virus in African green monkeys. Remdesivir treatment resulted in the survival of all treated animals, while control animals succumbed to the infection.

Laboratory Diagnosis of Hendra and Nipah: Two Emerging Zoonotic Diseases with One Health Significance

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shaun van den Hurk, Aurelle Yondo, Binu T. Velayudhan

Year: 2025

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v17071003

Summary#

This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), discussing molecular and serological diagnostic tools for their identification.

Key Findings#

The paper discusses RT-PCR, ELISA, and LAMP assays for diagnosing HeV and NiV.
Diagnostics are crucial for rapid identification of cases and disease surveillance.
Emphasis is placed on diagnostics suitable for low-income areas.
Further development of diagnostic assays, including isothermal amplification tests and other next-generation approaches, is recommended.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Late remdesivir treatment initiation partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Emmie de Wit, Brandi N. Williamson, Friederike Feldmann, Kerry Goldin, Michael K. Lo, Atsushi Okumura, Jamie Lovaglio, Elaine Bunyan, Danielle P. Porter, Tomas Cihlar, Greg Saturday, Christina F. Spiropoulou, Heinz Feldmann

Year: 2024

Journal: Antiviral Res.

DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105658

Summary#

Late treatment with remdesivir partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection, but does not prevent clinical disease or histologic lesions in the brain.

Key Findings#

Remdesivir treatment provided partial protection for African green monkeys when initiated 3 days post-infection
67% of high dose group survived the challenge, but surviving animals showed brain lesions
Early administration is critical for effective remdesivir treatment during Nipah virus infection

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: 6 African green monkeys per group
Geographic Focus: Hamilton, MT, United States of America
Time Period: Unknown

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Antiviral, Remdesivir, Nonhuman Primates

Nipah virus: a potential pandemic agent in the context of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: P. Devnath, H. M. A. A. Masud

Year: 2021

Journal: Elsevier Ltd.

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper speculates that the Nipah virus, similar to SARS-CoV-2, could potentially cause a pandemic if not adequately researched due to its high death rate despite causing a low number of infections.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus causes severe disease and has resulted in a higher death rate compared to the number of infections.
The current COVID-19 pandemic is an example of a zoonotic disease that has caused widespread deaths.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Sample Size: Not applicable for review article
Geographic Focus: Global
Time Period: 2019-present

Topics#

Zoonotic Diseases, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2

Piloting the promotion of bamboo skirt barriers to prevent Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap in Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Nazmun Nahar, Utpal Kumar Mondal, M. Jahangir Hossain, M. Salah Uddin Khan, Rebeca Sultana, Emily S. Gurley, Stephen P. Luby

Year: 2014

Journal: Glob Health Promot

DOI: 10.1177/1757975914528249

Summary#

The study explores the effectiveness of promoting bamboo skirt preparation and use among sap harvesters in Bangladesh to prevent Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap.

Key Findings#

83% in higher-intensity interventions and 65% in lower-intensity interventions prepared and used a bamboo or other material skirt at least once after intervention.
15% of gachhis consistently used skirts throughout the sap collection season.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational
Sample Size: 280 person-hours in total
Geographic Focus: Two villages for higher-intensity intervention and two other villages for lower-intensity intervention, Bangladesh
Time Period: November 2008 to March 2009

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Science. 2022 March 25; 375(6587): 1373–1378.

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Zhaoqian Wang, Moushimi Amaya, Amin Addetia, Ha V. Dang, Gabriella Reggiano, Lianying Yan, Andrew C. Hickey, Frank DiMaio, Christopher C. Broder, David Veesler

Year: 2022

Journal: Science

DOI: 10.1126/science.abm5561

Summary#

This paper determines a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Nipah virus (NiV) attachment glycoprotein (G) homotetrameric ectodomain in complex with the nAH1.3 broadly neutralizing antibody Fab fragment. The results suggest a multi-pronged therapeutic strategy against these deadly pathogens.

Key Findings#

A cocktail of two non-overlapping G-specific antibodies neutralizes NiV and HeV synergistically and limits the emergence of escape mutants.
The receptor-binding head domain is immunodominant in polyclonal serum antibody responses elicited by vaccination of macaques with NiV G.

Methodology#

Study Type: Laboratory Study
Sample Size: N/A (experimental model study)

Topics#

Virology, Immunology

Hendra and Nipah Infection: Pathology, Models and Potential Therapies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Frederic Vigant, Benhur Lee

Year: 2011

Journal: Infect Disord Drug Targets

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx (not provided in text)

PMID: PMID not provided in text

Summary#

This paper reviews the unique features of henipavirus infections, and discusses different strategies and animal models that have been developed to identify and test potential drugs for preventing or treating henipavirus infections.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses are zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a broader tropism than most other paramyxoviruses, and can cause severe acute encephalitis
Ribavirin was empirically used during the Nipah virus outbreak but its efficacy is disputed
There are currently no approved effective prophylactic or therapeutic treatments for henipavirus infections

Methodology#

Study Type: Review
Sample Size: Not applicable (literature review)
Geographic Focus: Australia, Malaysia
Time Period: 1994-1998

Topics#

Henipavirus, Nipah, Hendra, Inhibitors, Antivirals, Pathology, Animal Models

Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sabahat Gazal, Neelesh Sharma, Sundus Gazal, Mehak Tikoo, Deep Shikha, Gulzar Ahmed Badroo, Mohd Rashid, Sung-Jin Lee

Year: 2024

Journal: Pathogens

DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121419

Summary#

This paper discusses Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a case fatality rate of up to 75%. The authors emphasize the need for research on these viruses due to their extreme pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of established antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.

Ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as functional henipavirus receptors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Kai Xu, Christopher C. Broder, Dimitar B. Nikolov

Year: 2012

Journal: Semin Cell Dev Biol

DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.12.005

Summary#

This paper reviews recent progress in the study of henipavirus entry, particularly the identification of ephrins as their entry receptors, and the structural characterization of the ephrin/Henipa-G interactions.

Key Findings#

Ephrin-B2 and -B3 identified as entry receptor for henipaviruses
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) use ephrins as their entry receptors

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Henipaviruses—A constant threat to livestock and humans

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Susann Kummer, Denise-Carina Kranz

Year: 2022

Journal: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010157

Summary#

This review highlights the risk of infections with henipaviruses to both livestock and humans, providing a comprehensive overview of documented outbreaks, their impact on the economy and health systems.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Relevance#

The paper emphasizes the importance of being vigilant towards emerging viruses and infectious diseases due to their rapid transmission in an increasingly globalized world.

Henipavirus Receptor Usage and Tropism

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Manuscript Author: Olivier Pernet, Manuscript Author: Benhur Lee

Year: 2012

Journal: Curr Top Microbiol Immunol.

DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_222

Summary#

This paper reviews the biology of the henipavirus receptors, ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3, and how their usage relates to henipavirus cell tropism in vitro and in vivo.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses use ephrin-B2 and ephrin-B3 as viral entry receptors
These receptors account for the unusual species tropism of henipaviruses

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology

Tackling a global epidemic threat: Nipah surveillance in Bangladesh, 2006–2021

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Syed Moinuddin Satter, Wasik Rahman Aquib, Sharmin Sultana, Ahmad Raihan Sharif, Arifa Nazneen, Muhammad Rashedul Alam, Ayesha Siddika, Fateha Akther Ema, Kamal Ibne Amin Chowdhury, Ahmed Nawsher Alam, Mahmudur Rahman, John D. Klena, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Sayera Banu, Tahmina Shirin

Year: 2023

Journal: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011617

Summary#

This research paper discusses a hospital-based Nipah sentinel surveillance in Bangladesh that has been ongoing since 2006 to promptly detect Nipah cases and respond to outbreaks.

Potent monoclonal antibody–mediated neutralization of a divergent Hendra virus variant

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Zhaoqian Wang, Ha V. Dang, Moushimi Amaya, Yan Xu, Randy Yin, Lianying Yan, Andrew C. Hickey, Edward J. Annand, Bethany A. Horsburgh, Peter A. Reid, Ina Smith, John-Sebastian Eden, Kai Xu, Christopher C. Broder, David Veesler

Year: 2022

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null (not provided in the text)

PMID: PMID or null (not provided in the text)

Summary#

This paper studies a new variant of Hendra virus (HeV-g2) that has unprecedented genetic divergence and identifies it in horses and flying fox species in Australia. The researchers demonstrate that HeV-g2 shares a conserved receptor tropism with prototypic HeV and can be potently neutralized by a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing the G and F glycoproteins.

Saliva: An Overlooked yet Critical Diagnostic Tool in Detection of Nipah Virus

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: B. Gayathrie, Parvinder Sharma, Aishwarya Pandey

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified (Letter to Editor)

Summary#

This paper emphasizes the importance of saliva samples as a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic tool for Nipah virus detection, enabling earlier detection and intervention.

Key Findings#

Saliva samples offer advantages over conventional methods such as blood, CSF, urine, or nasal swabs due to ease of collection
Studies have demonstrated the presence of Nipah virus RNA in saliva during the acute phase of infection
Saliva-based testing enables earlier detection allowing for prompt intervention and containment measures
Saliva-based testing is cost-efficient and suitable for massive screening projects, especially in environments with limited resources

Methodology#

Study Type: Not specified (Letter to Editor)
Geographic Focus: Kerala, India
Time Period: Not specified

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Diagnostic Tools

A recombinant VSV-vectored vaccine rapidly protects nonhuman primates against lethal Nipah virus disease

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Stephanie L. Foster, Courtney Woolsey, Viktoriya Borisevich, Krystle N. Agans, Abhishek N. Prasad, Joan B. Geisbert, Natalie S. Dobias, Karla A. Fenton, Robert W. Cross, Thomas W. Geisbert, Daniel J. Dee

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in the text

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null (not specified in the text)

PMID: PMID or null (not specified in the text)

Summary#

The paper discusses a study using a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine to protect nonhuman primates from lethal Nipah virus disease, with protection observed in monkeys vaccinated 7 days prior to NiV exposure and 67% of animals vaccinated 3 days before challenge.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Risk Perception, Preparedness and Vaccine Intent of Health Care Providers towards the Nipah Virus in South India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lauren Himes, Veena Shetty, Sumathi Prabhu, Avinash K. Shetty

Year: 2022

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7040056

Summary#

This paper assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of Nipah Virus (NVD) among healthcare providers in South India. The study found that while most participants were aware of NiV symptoms and primary reservoirs, knowledge gaps existed regarding transmission factors and institutional protocols.

Key Findings#

77.8% of participants had heard of Nipah Virus and associated symptoms
95% identified fruit bats as a primary NiV reservoir
Only 38.7% were aware that drinking date palm sap is a risk factor for transmission
46.4% were aware of any institutional protocol for Nipah Virus
A majority were willing to be vaccinated and recommend the vaccine to patients

Methodology#

Study Type: Survey
Sample Size: 261 participants
Geographic Focus: South India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical

Feline Morbillivirus: A Unique Pathogen Infecting Domestic Cats

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Sham Nambullia, Linda J. Rennick, Andrew S. Acciardo, Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel, Gregory Hoc, Nicholas A. Crossland, Kathy Hardcastle, Betsy Nieto, Graeme Bainbridge, Tracey Williams, Claire R. Sharp, W. Paul Dupre

Year: 2024

Journal: Journal Name not provided in the text

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null (not provided in the text)

PMID: PMID or null (not provided in the text)

Summary#

This paper investigates a newly discovered pathogen, Feline Morbillivirus (FeMV), affecting domestic cats. The study determines the complete sequence of FeMV and reveals unique characteristics that differ from other morbilliviruses. FeMV uses a different protease to furin for processing its fusion glycoprotein and employs feline CD150 as a cellular receptor, making it distinct among morbilliviruses. The study also develops a reverse genetics system for FeMV and demonstrates that it causes an acute morbillivirus-like disease in cats.

Nipah Virus: An Overview of the Current Status of Diagnostics and Their Role in Preparedness in Endemic Countries

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Daniele Lapa, Silvia Pauciullo, Hervé Raoul, Delphine Pannetier

Year: 2023

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v15102062

Summary#

This paper provides an overview of the current status of diagnostics for Nipah virus (NiV), a high mortality rate zoonosis. Early diagnosis is crucial to limit outbreaks and provide appropriate care. qRT-PCR is currently considered optimal for acute NiV infection assessment, with different sensitivities depending on the platform used.

Key Findings#

qRT-PCR is the optimum method for acute NiV infection assessment
Nasal swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and blood are used for RT-PCR testing
Different sensitivities have been observed depending on the platform used
An international standard for NiV is yet to be established
The diagnosis of NiV should be included in a more global One Health approach

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Nipah Virus: A Multidimensional Update

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Javier Faus-Cotino, Gabriel Reina, Javier Pueyo

Year: 2024

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v16020179

Summary#

This paper provides an update on Nipah virus (NiV), a high mortality zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for numerous outbreaks in South and South-East Asia. Human infection manifests as encephalitis with high mortality rates, and no therapeutic agents or vaccines have been approved for human use.

Key Findings#

NiV is a high mortality zoonotic paramyxovirus
Human infection manifests as encephalitis with high mortality rates
No therapeutic agents or vaccines have been approved for human use

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Public Health

The Nature of Exposure Drives Transmission of Nipah Viruses from Malaysia and Bangladesh in Ferrets

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Bronwyn A. Clayton, Deborah Middleton, Rachel Arkinstall, Leah Frazer, LinFa Wang, Glenn A. Marsh

Year: 2016

Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004775

Summary#

This paper investigates the differences in transmission of Nipah viruses between Malaysia and Bangladesh in ferrets, suggesting a contributory mechanism for increased transmission of NiV-BD compared to NiV-MY due to higher levels of virus replication in respiratory tract tissues.

Key Findings#

More rapid onset of productive infection and higher levels of virus replication in respiratory tract tissues for NiV-BD compared to NiV-MY
Suggests a contributory mechanism for increased NiV-BD transmission between people compared to NiV-MY

Methodology#

Study Type: Time Course Study
Sample Size: Ferrets

Topics#

Virology

Aerosol exposure to intermediate size Nipah virus particles induces neurological disease in African green monkeys

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Dima A. Hammoud, Margaret R. Lentz, Abigail Lara, Jordan K. Bohannon, Irwin Feuerstein, Louis Huzella, Peter B. Jahrling, Matthew Lackemeyer, Joseph Laux, Oscar Rojas, Philip Sayre ID, Jeffrey Solomon, Yu Cong, Vincent Munster, Michael R. Holbrook

Year: 2018

Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006978

Summary#

This paper investigates the effects of aerosol exposure to intermediate size Nipah virus particles on African green monkeys, mimicking potential human exposure, and finds that it induces neurological disease.

Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Francesco Branda, Grazia Pavia, Alessandra Ciccozzi, Angela Quirino, Nadia Marascio, Giovanni Matera, Chiara Romano, Chiara Locci, Ilenia Azzena, Noemi Pascale, Daria Sanna, Marco Casu, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Massimo Ciccozzi, Fabio Scarpa

Year: 2024

Journal: Not specified in the provided text

Summary#

This paper reviews current knowledge on emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, focusing on recently discovered viruses and their potential to cause future epidemics. It explores host-switching events, viral replication strategies, immune evasion tactics, ecological factors influencing virus emergence, public health impact, and the need for enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostic tools, and proactive strategies.

Nipah Virus Inhibitor Knowledgebase (NVIK): a combined evidence approach to prioritise small molecule inhibitors

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Bhupender Singh, Nishi Kumari, Ayush Upadhyay, Bhavini Pahuja, Eugenia Covernton, Kishan Kalia, Kanika Tuteja, Priyanka Rani Paul, Rakesh Kumar, Mayur Sudhakar Zarkar, Anshu Bhardwaj

Year: 2025

Journal: Journal of Cheminformatics

DOI: 10.1186/s13321-025-01049-6

Summary#

This paper presents the Nipah Virus Inhibitor Knowledgebase (NVIK), a resource for NiV drug discovery containing manually curated NVIs with IC50/EC50 values in the nanomolar range. The authors prioritised top 10 NVIs based on robustness of assays, physicochemical properties and their toxicity profiles.

Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Matteo Riccò, Antonio Cascio, Claudio Costantino, Silvia Corrado, Ilaria Zanella, Pasquale Gianluca Giuri, Susanna Esposito

Year: 2025

Journal: Academic Editors: Marc Jamin, Glenn Marsh and Jennifer Barr

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

Summary#

This paper is a systematic review with meta-analysis on Nipah virus infections occurring in healthcare workers, estimating seroprevalence and case fatality ratio.

Key Findings#

Seroprevalence of IgM-class antibodies estimated at 0.00% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.10)
Seroprevalence of IgG class-antibodies estimated at 0.08% (95%CI 0.00 to 0.72)
Case fatality ratio calculated at 73.52% (95%CI 34.01 to 99.74)

Methodology#

Study Type: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Sample Size: Not specified in the provided text
Geographic Focus: Asian countries: Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India (States of Kerala and Bengal), and Philippines
Time Period: Years not specified in the provided text

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Healthcare Workers

Development of a culture-independent whole-genome sequencing of Nipah virus using the MinION Oxford Nanopore platform

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Md. Mahfuzur Rahman, Mojnu Miah, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Samiur Rahim, Sharmin Sultana, Syed Moinuddin Satter, Ariful Islam, Shannon L. M. Whitmer, Jonathan H. Epstein, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John D. Klena, Tahmina Shirin, Joel M. Montgomery, Maria E. Kaczmarek, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Iqbal Kabir Jahid

Year: 2024

Journal: Microbial Genetics | Methods and Protocols

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx or null

PMID: PMID or null

Summary#

This study developed a culture-independent, high-throughput sequencing protocol for Nipah virus using the Oxford Nanopore Technology platform, suitable for resource-limited settings.

Zika, Nipah and Kala-azar: Emerging lethal infectious diseases amid COVID-19 as an escalating public health threat in South India

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Utkarsha Uday, Lakshmi Jyothi Tadi, Zarmina Islam, Parvathy Mohanan, Shamas Ghazanfar, Maryam Salma Babar, Sumayya Ismail

Year: 2022

Journal: Annals of Medicine and Surgery

Summary#

This paper discusses the challenges presented by the intersecting outbreaks of Zika, Nipah, and Kala-azar in India amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides recommendations to help alleviate the situation.

Methodology#

Study Type: Narrative Review
Geographic Focus: South India

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology, Policy

Relevance#

This paper is relevant for Nipah research as it discusses the challenges and solutions for managing simultaneous outbreaks of Zika, Nipah, Kala-azar, and COVID-19 in South India.

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Arathi Rajan, Anuja S. Nair, Vinod Soman Pillai, Binod Kumar, Anupama R. Pai, Bimitha Benny, Mohanan Valiya Veettil

Year: 2024

Journal: Heliyon

DOI: 10.3198/heliyon.31905

Summary#

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Key Findings#

The study proposes a simple approach to generate substantial amounts of HiBiT-tagged NiV-VLPs in HEK293T cells.
These VLPs are functionally identical to the native virus and can be used for viral binding, entry, and antibody neutralization assays.
The paper reports that the HiBiT-tag permits quick application of these particles in BSL-2 laboratories.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental Study
Sample Size: HEK293T cells

Topics#

Virology, Molecular Biology

Pathogenic Differences between Nipah Virus Bangladesh and Malaysia Strains in Primates: Implications for Antibody Therapy

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Chad E. Mire, Benjamin A. Satterfield, Joan B. Geisbert, Krystle N. Agans, Viktoriya Borisevich, Lianying Yan, Yee-Peng Chan, Robert W. Cross, Karla A. Fenton, Christopher C. Broder, Thomas W. Geisbert

Year: 2016

Journal: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.xxxx/xxxxx

Summary#

This paper investigates the pathogenic differences between two strains of Nipah virus (NiV), Malaysia (NiVM) and Bangladesh (NiVB), by exposing African green monkeys to each strain. The findings suggest that NiVB is more pathogenic, with a higher mortality rate and more severe histopathology in infected animals compared to NiVM.

Structural and functional analysis of the Nipah virus polymerase complex

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Side Hu, Heesu Kim, Pan Yang, Zishuo Yu, Barbara Ludeke, Shawna Mobilia, Junhua Pan, Margaret Stratton, Yuemin Bian, Rachel Fearns, Jonathan Abraham

Year: 2025

Journal: Cell

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.12.021

Summary#

Key Findings#

Cryo-EM structure of the NiV L-P complex determined
Docking studies with an inhibitor clarify mechanisms of intrinsic NiV L resistance
Palm insert, zinc fingers, and P4 extension are critical for NiV L activity
Intrusion loop plays an essential role in RNA replication

Methodology#

Study Type: Structural analysis/Functional analysis

Topics#

Virology, Pharmacology

Super-spreaders of novel coronaviruses that cause SARS, MERS and COVID-19: a systematic review

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Julii Brainard, Natalia R. Jones, Florence C.D. Harrison, Charlotte C. Hammer, Iain R. Lake

Year: 2023

Journal: Annals of Epidemiology

Summary#

The study reviews research on individuals who have transmitted pathogens causing SARS, MERS, or COVID-19 to at least nine other people. It found that the most typical super-spreader is a male age 40+, with SARS and MERS super-spreaders often symptomatic and middle-aged/older adults who had a high mortality rate. In contrast, COVID-19 super-spreaders tended to have mild disease and were any adult age.

Evolution of Nipah Virus Infection: Past, Present, and Future Considerations

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Naomi Hauser, Alexis C. Gushiken, Shivakumar Narayanan, Shyam Kottilil, Joel V. Chua

Year: 2021

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Review

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010024

Summary#

This paper reviews the evolution of Nipah virus infection, its epidemiology, microbiology, and the therapeutic agents and vaccines in development.

Key Findings#

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with bat reservoir hosts
Human infections with NiV have varying symptoms including fever, rapid neurological decline, and respiratory symptoms
Nearly annual outbreaks have been described since 1998 with case fatality rates reaching greater than 90%
The lack of effective therapy or vaccines makes NiV’s pandemic potential significant

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Clinical, Virology

Prophylactic protection from lethal henipavirus disease mediated by Nipah-derived defective interfering particles is influenced by challenge virus strain and viral species

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Year: 2025

Journal: eBioMedicine

DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105897

Summary#

The paper explores the effectiveness of defective interfering particles (DIPs) in reducing clinical signs and lethality of henipavirus infection in Syrian hamsters.

Key Findings#

Prophylactic DIP treatment reduced clinical signs and lethality in Syrian hamsters.
Single or repeated pre-exposure regimens provided protection, while post-exposure treatment was ineffective.
DIPs derived from NiV strain Malaysia were most effective against NiV Malaysia but also provided strong protection against the closely related NiV Bangladesh with certain regimens.
These DIPs offered minimal or no protection against lethality from the more distantly related Hendra virus.

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: Syrian hamsters

Topics#

Virus research, Medical countermeasures, Henipaviruses, Nipah virus, Hendra virus

Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Ranjeet Maurya, Aparna Swaminathan, Uzma Shamim, Smriti Arora, Pallavi Mishra, Aakarshan Raina, Varsha Ravi, Bansidhar Tarai, Sandeep Budhiraja, Rajesh Pandey

Year: 2023

Journal: iScience

DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108336

Summary#

Vertical Transfer of Humoral Immunity against Nipah Virus: A Novel Evidence from Bangladesh

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Syed Moinuddin Satter, Arifa Nazneen, Wasik Rahman Aquib, Sharmin Sultana, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, John D. Klena, Joel M. Montgomery, Tahmina Shirin

Year: 2023

Journal: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010016

Summary#

This paper describes the first confirmed case of vertical transfer of humoral immunity against Nipah virus from a mother to her newborn in Bangladesh.

Key Findings#

The mother and daughter from Faridpur district of Bangladesh were infected with Nipah virus, with the daughter passing away and the mother surviving with neurological impairment.
Despite testing negative for anti-Nipah IgM and PCR for NiV, a high titre of anti-Nipah IgG was observed in the newborn.
The transfer of humoral immunity against Nipah virus from mother to neonate was confirmed.

Methodology#

Study Type: Case Study
Geographic Focus: Faridpur district, Bangladesh
Time Period: January 2020

Topics#

Nipah Virus, Immunology, Case Study

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats

Inference of Nipah virus evolution, 1999–2015

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Shannon L.M. Whitmer, Michael K. Lo, Hossain M. S. Sazzad, Sara Zufan, Emily S. Gurley, Sharmin Sultana, Brian Amman, Jason T. Ladner, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Stephanie Doan, Syed M. Satter, Meerjady S. Flora, Joel M. Montgomery, Stuart T. Nichol, Christina F. Spiropoulou, John D. Klena

Year: 2021

Journal: Virus Evolution

DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa062

Summary#

Researchers generated 35 additional full-length genomic sequences of Nipah virus directly from human specimens and viral isolates in Bangladesh to study its temporal and geographic evolution. They observed two distinct clades that intermingled over time and space, but did not find significant branch or site-specific selection except for a single site in the Henipavirus L polymerase.

From Protein to Pandemic: The Transdisciplinary Approach Needed to Prevent Spillover and the Next Pandemic

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Raina K. Plowright, Peter J. Hudson

Year: 2021

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v13071298

Summary#

This paper discusses the need for a transdisciplinary approach to prevent the spillover of henipaviruses, a group of viruses derived from bats that frequently cross species barriers and can cause high human mortality.

Key Findings#

The paper outlines the transdisciplinary approach needed to prevent the spillover process and future pandemics.
The focus is on the potential for preventing the spillover of henipaviruses.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology

Henipavirus Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis Mechanisms: Lessons Learnt from Natural Infection and Animal Models

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Philip Lawrence, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14050936

Summary#

This review provides an overview of the pathogenicity mechanisms and interactions between Henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra) and their hosts in various species including bats, pigs, horses, humans, and experimental animal models. The findings could aid in developing new therapeutic strategies against these re-emerging viruses.

Key Findings#

Nipah henipavirus (NiV) and Hendra henipavirus (HeV) are highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxoviruses that infect a wide range of animals and humans.
Observed fatality rates for HeV and NiV in humans are up to 60% and 92%, respectively.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Virology, Epidemiology

Inactivation Methods for Experimental Nipah Virus Infection

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Lina Widerspick, Cecilia Alejandra Vázquez, Linda Niemetz, Michelle Heung, Catherine Olal, András Bencsik, Christoph Henkel, Anneke Pfister, Jesús Emanuel Brunetti, Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze, Philip Lawrence, César Muñoz Fontela, Sandra Diederich, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14051052

Summary#

The paper evaluates the efficacy of various physical and chemical inactivation methods for Nipah virus (NiV) in infected cells, supernatants, and organs.

Key Findings#

Several physical and chemical inactivation methods were assessed
Methods were evaluated for their efficacy at inactivating NiV

Methodology#

Study Type: Experimental
Sample Size: N/A (cells, supernatants, and organs)

Topics#

Virology, Infectious Diseases

Nipah Virus Infection Generates Ordered Structures in Cellulo

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Cecilia Alejandra Vázquez, Lina Widerspick, Roland Thuenauer, Carola Schneider, Rudolph Reimer, Pedro Neira, Catherine Olal, Michelle Heung, Linda Niemetz, Philip Lawrence, Indre Kucinskaite-Kodze, Lars Redecke, Beatriz Escudero-Pérez

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14071523

Summary#

This paper describes the formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection.

Key Findings#

Formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection.

Methodology#

Study Type: Observational

Topics#

Virology

Relevance#

Understanding the formation of ordered intracellular structures during Nipah virus infection may help in developing strategies to combat this deadly zoonotic paramyxovirus.

First Genomic Evidence of a Henipa-like Virus in Brazil

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Leonardo H. Almeida Hernández, Thito Y. Bezerra da Paz, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Fábio S. da Silva, Bruno C. Veloso de Barros, Bruno T. Diniz Nunes, Lívia M. Neves Casseb, Daniele B. Almeida Medeiros, Pedro F. da Costa Vasconcelos, Ana C. Ribeiro Cruz

Year: 2022

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v14102167

Summary#

This paper reports the discovery of a novel henipa-like virus from opossums in a forest fragment area in Brazil, emphasizing the importance of further studies to characterize this virus and clarify its ecology, impact on public health, and its relationship with didelphid marsupials and henipaviruses.

Animal Models for Henipavirus Research

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Declan D. Pigeaud, Thomas W. Geisbert, Courtney Woolsey

Year: 2023

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v15101980

Summary#

This paper reviews various animal models used for studying Henipavirus (Hendra virus and Nipah virus) pathogenesis and medical countermeasures.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Henipaviruses, Animal Models, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Zoonosis, Vaccines, Antivirals, Monoclonal Antibodies, Pathogenesis, Medical Countermeasures

Relevance#

The paper discusses the importance of animal models in advancing our understanding of Henipavirus pathogenesis and developing medical countermeasures.

Structural Studies of Henipavirus Glycoproteins

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Aaron J., Priyamvada Acharya

Year: 2024

Journal: Viruses

DOI: 10.3390/v16020195

Summary#

This paper reviews the available structural information on Henipavirus glycoproteins, which are important for understanding viral entry and developing vaccines and therapies.

Key Findings#

Henipaviruses rely on two surface glycoproteins (attachment and fusion proteins) for host cell entry.
The attachment protein is a tetrameric structure, but its biologically relevant states are unclear.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Viruses, Glycoproteins, Paramyxoviridae, Viral Entry

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Authors: Hui-Ju Han, Hong-ling Wen, Chuan-Min Zhou, Fang-Fang Chen, Li-Mei Luo, Jian-wei Liu, Xue-Jie Yu

Year: 2015

Journal: Virus Research

Summary#

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.

Key Findings#

Bats have special features that allow them to transmit and maintain viruses.
Bats can spill over viruses to intermediate animal hosts, causing human infection.
Humans can also become infected with viruses by aerosol or direct contact with bats.

Methodology#

Study Type: Review

Topics#

Epidemiology, Virology, Bats

Wed, 04 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

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Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

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Mon, 02 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

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Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

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