Field Epidemiology and Case Analysis
2007 - Malaysian J Pathol
The Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia (1998/1999) resulted in 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths and caused near total collapse of the billion-dollar pig-farming industry. The paper discusses the epidemiology, clinico-pathophysiology, and pathogenesis of this new disease.
2001 - Not specified in the text
An outbreak of febrile illness associated with altered sensorium was observed in Siliguri, India. Laboratory investigations initially failed to identify an infectious agent, but retrospective analysis detected NiV-specific antibodies and RNA in 9 patients and 5 urine samples respectively.
2025 - Journal of Infection and Public Health
Two Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala, India during 2024 were predominantly encephalitis cases with no secondary transmission observed.
2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
This paper reports an encephalitis cluster and sporadic cases of Nipah virus infection in Faridpur, Bangladesh in January 2010. The study found that 14 out of 16 casepatients died, with transmission occurring through caregivers' exposure to infected patients' bodily secretions during care and traditional burial practices.
2014 - Dispatches
During 2014, an outbreak of henipavirus infection occurred in southern Philippines among humans and horses, with high fatality rates among humans due to human-to-human and horse-to-human transmission. The likely source of horse infection was fruit bats.
2024 - Nature Reviews Microbiology
This paper reviews Hendra and Nipah viruses, highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that have recently emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock. The review describes the unique genetic constitution, high virulence, and wide host range of these emerging human pathogens.
2024 - Bioinformation
This paper discusses the potential threat of Nipah virus as a possible post-covid pandemic.
2025 - Indian J Med Res
The paper discusses the potential airborne transmission of Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India based on evidence from studies and outbreaks in Malaysia, Bangladesh, and other regions.
2021 - Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
This study qualitatively analyzes the response of the health system in Kerala to control the Nipah outbreak (2019) by identifying enabling factors and challenges faced.
2022 - Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
This paper investigates subclinical or asymptomatic Nipah infection amongst the close contacts of an index case in the 2019 Ernakulam outbreak by testing for NiV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies. None of the 49 contacts tested positive.
2018 - Not specified in the text
This paper describes the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of a Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, India in May 2018. It identifies that out of 23 patients with Nipah virus infection, 91.3% expired, with common features including fever, altered sensorium, tachycardia, hypertension, and shortness of breath.
2022 - Frontiers in Public Health
This paper investigates a Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala State, India during the COVID-19 pandemic.
2018 - The Journal of Infectious Diseases
This paper describes the characteristics of a Nipah Virus (NiV) outbreak that occurred in Kerala, India, during May–June 2018. The outbreak resulted in 23 cases, with a case-fatality rate of 91%, and was contained by early laboratory confirmation and a public health response.
2025 - Cureus
This paper reviews the pathophysiology, immune evasion strategies, transmission dynamics, taxonomical position, and structural features of the Nipah virus with a focus on its epidemiology in India.
2023 - Public Health Action
The paper explores the perceptions of stakeholders on how Kerala's decentralized system helped during Nipah virus outbreaks and COVID-19 pandemic.
2024 - The Journal of Infectious Diseases
This study systematically reviews the literature to synthesize evidence about potential person-to-person spread of Henipaviruses, focusing on Nipah virus Bangladesh (NiVB), Hendra virus (HeV), and Nipah virus Malaysia (NiVM).
2022 - Annals of Medicine and Surgery
This paper discusses the recent re-emergence of Nipah virus (NiV) in India's Kozhikode district, causing the death of a 12-year-old boy. The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the severe impact of the virus on affected populations.
2019 - New England Journal of Medicine
This paper investigates person-to-person transmission dynamics of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh over a 14-year period using data from outbreak investigations.
2016 - Ecohealth
This paper investigates rare risk factors for Nipah virus in Bangladesh using data from 157 cases and 632 controls surveyed between 2004 and 2012. The study finds that cases were more likely to consume raw date palm sap and have contact with a Nipah case than controls. In-depth interviews revealed misclassification of cases who reported no exposure to date palm sap or contact with another case.
2025 - New Microbes and New Infections
This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.
2025 - Cell
The paper determines the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Nipah virus polymerase complex and performs structural, biophysical, and functional analyses to understand features critical for RNA replication and transcription. The findings could aid in the development of antivirals.