Public Health Policy and Outbreak Response

Improving clinical care of patients in Nipah outbreaks: moving beyond ‘compassionate use’

2024 - The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia

This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.

A short communication of Nipah virus outbreak in India: An urgent rising concern

2022 - Annals of Medicine and Surgery

This paper discusses the recent re-emergence of Nipah virus (NiV) in India's Kozhikode district, causing the death of a 12-year-old boy. The authors aim to suggest recommendations to contain and mitigate the severe impact of the virus on affected populations.

A Brighton Collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit/risk assessment for a soluble glycoprotein vaccine to prevent disease caused by Nipah or Hendra viruses

2021 - Vaccine

A protein vaccine for Nipah and Hendra viruses is under clinical evaluation in a Phase 1 study. The paper discusses the standardized template to describe key considerations for the benefit-risk assessment of this type of vaccine.

Community willingness to participate in a Nipah vaccine trial in Bangladesh

2025 - Vaccine

This paper explores people's knowledge about Nipah virus and their willingness to participate in a vaccine trial in Bangladesh.

Understanding and addressing the global impact: A systematic review and cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of Langya henipavirus and preexisting severe henipaviruses

2025 - Journal of Infection and Public Health

This paper provides an overview of the scientific landscape, highlights research focus areas, and outlines potential future investigations on Langya henipavirus. It was done via a systematic review and bibliometric analysis over the past two decades.

Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern?

2022 - GeroScience

This paper reviews the pathogenicity and interaction with the human immune system of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses that can cause severe disease in humans and various mammalian species.

The rising threat of Nipah virus: a highly contagious and deadly zoonotic pathogen

2025 - Virology Journal

This paper reviews the epidemiology, clinical features, and modes of transmission of Nipah virus infection, its geographical distribution, and endemic regions.

A large-scale behavior change intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh: components and costs

2017 - BMC Research Notes

This paper measures the cost of an intervention to prevent Nipah transmission in Bangladesh and estimates the cost of scaling it up in districts where spillover has been identified.

A review of the nipah virus

2024 - Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition

This paper reviews the Nipah Virus (NiV), an emerging zoonotic disease primarily found in Southeast Asian regions with the highest number of cases in Bangladesh and India. The virus has a high fatality rate and there is no approved treatment or vaccine.

Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review

2023 - Tropical Medicine and Health

This paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of Nipah virus in South and South East Asia.

Controlling Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh: Policy options

2015 - Journal of Public Health Policy

This paper discusses policy options for controlling Nipah virus encephalitis in Bangladesh due to consumption of bat-contaminated date palm sap.

Prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder after infectious disease pandemics in the twenty-first century, including COVID-19: a metaanalysis and systematic review

2021 - Molecular Psychiatry

This paper provides a reliable estimate of the worldwide prevalence of PTSD after large-scale pandemics and associated risk factors, through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study includes data on SARS, H1N1, Poliomyelitis, Ebola, Zika, Nipah, MERS-CoV, H5N1, and COVID-19.

Pandemic potential of the Nipah virus and public health strategies adopted during outbreaks: Lessons from Kerala, India

2024 - PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH

This review highlights the relevance of surveillance and health system preparedness, infection control, early diagnosis and treatment with broad-spectrum antivirals, environmental conservation, and community engagement in mitigating Nipah outbreaks. It also emphasizes the importance of developing new biologicals and anti-viral drugs to combat the disease.

Smart policy changes can quell deadly Nipah virus

2024 - Not specified in the text

A paper discussing the need for smart policy changes to prevent and manage Nipah virus outbreaks, emphasizing the importance of early detection systems and infection control protocols.

Nipah Virus Outbreaks in Kerala: An Impending Doom?

2024 - Health Science Reports

This paper explores ongoing challenges associated with Nipah virus transmission in Kerala, focusing on environmental factors, healthcare responses, and shifts in clinical manifestations. It highlights the need for proactive management strategies to prevent future outbreaks.

Outbreak prone communicable diseases of public health importance in the northern districts of West Bengal – Current status & the way forward

2021 - Indian J Med Res

This paper discusses the current status of outbreak-prone communicable diseases in the northern districts of West Bengal, focusing on malaria, Japanese encephalitis, scrub typhus, dengue, kalaazar, and Nipah virus. It emphasizes the need for multisectoral initiatives, understanding human-animal-vector dynamics, and strengthening healthcare setup.

Concern over Nipah virus cases amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic in India

2022 - Journal of Medical Virology

This letter discusses the concern over Nipah virus cases in India during the COVID-19 pandemic and the lack of specific pharmacological treatment for Nipah virus.

Langya henipavirus: Is it a potential cause for public health concern?

2023 - VIRULENCE

A new virus, Langya henipavirus (LayV), has been identified in China and has infected 35 individuals as of August 2021, causing respiratory symptoms but no known human fatalities. LayV is genetically related to Nipah and Hendra viruses, which can cause fatal human diseases.

Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases—a Keystone Symposia report

2024 - Keystone Symposia

This paper presents lessons learned from the pandemic response in terms of dealing with emerging zoonotic viral diseases.

Advancing the frontiers: Revolutionary control and prevention paradigms against Nipah virus

2023 - Open Veterinary Journal

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the latest control and prevention strategies against Nipah virus, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral drug discovery, early diagnosis, surveillance, and high-level biosecurity measures.

Nipah virus: a re-emerging public health concern

2024 - The Lancet Microbe

The paper discusses the re-emergence of Nipah virus, a highly virulent RNA virus, causing widespread zoonotic illnesses. It mentions recent outbreaks in various countries including India and Bangladesh, and the lack of licensed vaccines or specific medications for the virus.

Therapeutics for Nipah virus disease: a systematic review to support prioritisation of drug candidates for clinical trials

2024 - Review

This paper reviews the safety and efficacy of therapeutic options for Nipah virus disease to prioritize drug candidates for further evaluation in clinical trials, suggesting trialling 1F5, m102.4, and remdesivir (alone or in combination) for prophylaxis and early treatment.

Progress and challenges in Nipah vaccine development and licensure for epidemic preparedness and response

2025 - Expert Review of Vaccines

This paper reviews the progress and challenges in developing vaccines for Nipah virus, a high-consequence pathogen with no available vaccines or therapeutics.

Emerging Nipah Virus With Pandemic Potential and High Mortality Rates: Is the Scientific Community Learning From Former Pandemics?

2025 - Reviews in Medical Virology

This paper reviews the global research history and status quo of Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic single-stranded RNA virus that could potentially trigger a pandemic. The study shows a significant correlation between the number of articles on NiV and the economic strength or intensity of financing per country, but finds a comparatively low scientific commitment in major player countries and knowledge gaps in NiV infectiology.

Research on emerging infectious diseases: pros and cons of centralised government controls

2024 - Indian J Med Ethics

This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of centralized government control in research on emerging infectious diseases, focusing on the case study of Nipah virus research in Kerala.

Experiential learnings from the Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala towards containment of infectious public health emergencies in India

2020 - Epidemiology and Infection

This paper describes the response and control measures taken by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Kerala State Government to contain a Nipah virus outbreak in Ernakulam district, India.

Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011–2022: a systematic literature review

2024 - Veterinary Quarterly

This paper conducts a systematic literature review of the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia from 2011 to 2022.

Current progress towards prevention of Nipah and Hendra disease in humans: A scoping review of vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates being evaluated in clinical trials

2024 - None

This paper reviews clinical trials for vaccine and monoclonal antibody candidates designed to prevent Nipah and Hendra diseases in humans.

Major zoonotic diseases of public health importance in Bangladesh

2021 - Veterinary Medicine and Science

This paper reviews major zoonotic diseases that have caused outbreaks in humans in Bangladesh, such as Nipah virus and highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Hendra virus: Epidemiology dynamics in relation to climate change, diagnostic tests and control measures

2021 - One Health

This paper reviews Hendra virus epidemiology, presents a biosecurity protocol for veterinary clinics, and describes diagnostic tests currently available and under development.

Nipah Virus Disease: Recent Perspective and One Health Approach

2021 - Annals of Global Health

The paper presents a summary of the re-emergence and response to Nipah virus outbreaks in Kerala, India in 2018 and 2019. It highlights the involvement of various stakeholders in managing the outbreak and advocates for the 'One Health approach' in public health.

Beyond the Headlines: Why Henipaviruses Warrant Our Attention

2025 - Acta Medica (Hradec Králové)

This paper discusses the significance of henipaviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) as zoonotic threats with high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options. It highlights recent discoveries and the need for expanded research into effective antivirals, vaccines, and enhanced surveillance.

Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis

2023 - Animals

This review discusses the epidemiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, prevention, and legislation related to Nipah virus infection, focusing on its zoonotic potential in swine. It highlights the severity of the disease in humans and pigs, with respiratory and neurological signs and high mortality.

Scoping future outbreaks: a scoping review on the outbreak prediction of the WHO Blueprint list of priority diseases

2021 - BMJ Global Health

This paper conducts a scoping review on the available evidence for predicting future outbreaks of diseases on the WHO Blueprint list, including Ebola, Marburg virus, Zika virus, Lassa fever, Nipah and Henipaviral disease, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and Disease X.

Nipah Outbreak: Is it the beginning of another pandemic in the era of COVID-19 and Zika

2022 - Brain Behavior and Immunity

This paper discusses the emergence of a Nipah virus case in Kerala, India amidst COVID-19 and Zika outbreaks, and its potential burden on the healthcare system.

Clinical Medicine 2022 Vol 22, No 4: 348–52 - Review of Nipah virus encephalitis

2022 - Clinical Medicine

This paper reviews Nipah virus encephalitis, an emerging zoonotic disease causing fatal encephalitis endemic to southeast Asia and the western Pacific. The review discusses its transmission, clinical presentation, and importance for UK clinicians to consider in returning travellers.

Review: Henipaviruses: epidemiology, ecology, disease, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics|Virology | Review: Henipaviruses: epidemiology, ecology, disease, and the development of vaccines and therapeutics

2024 - Journal Name (not provided in the text)

This paper reviews the epidemiology, ecology, disease, and development of vaccines and therapeutics for Henipaviruses, focusing on Hendra virus, Nipah virus, and their related viruses.

Recurrent Nipah outbreaks in Kerala: implications for health policy and preparedness

2024 - Front. Public Health

This paper discusses the epidemiology of Nipah virus infection in Kerala, India, offering insights for future health policies to enhance preparedness for future outbreaks.

Praemonitus praemunitus: can we forecast and prepare for future viral disease outbreaks?

2023 - FEMS Microbiology Reviews

This paper discusses the importance of learning from past pandemics to predict and minimize future viral outbreaks, focusing on viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, DENV, ZIKV, MAYV, LASV, noroviruses, influenza, Nipah virus, hantaviruses, Oropouche virus, MARV, and Ebola virus.

jme-2023-109469

None - Unknown

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Emerging and re-emerging viral infections in India

2021 - J Prev Med Hyg

The number of outbreaks of viral infections like Nipah, Zika, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever, Kyasanur Forest Disease, and currently COVID-19 have been increasing in India for many years. There is a need for better surveillance, disease burden assessments, understanding vector biology, mapping endemic areas, strengthening intersectoral coordination, improving infection control practices, and ensuring the availability of Personal Protective Equipment’s, drugs, and vaccines.

Newly outbreak of Nipah virus: epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, diagnostic testing, treatment, and global health concern

2024 - Not specified in the provided text

The paper discusses the epidemiology, symptoms, transmission methods, diagnostic testing, and treatment of Nipah virus, highlighting its global health concern.

Nipah amidst Covid-19 Pandemic – another Re-Emerging Infectious Disease of Pandemic Potential – a Narrative Review

2022 - Maedica – a Journal of Clinical Medicine

This paper is a narrative review discussing the history and recent outbreaks of Nipah virus, focusing on its detection in Kerala with the Malaysian variant.

Addressing the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks: A call for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness

2023 - New Microbes and New Infections

This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.

Navigating Nipah virus: Insights, challenges, and recommendations

2025 - New Microbes and New Infections

This paper discusses the challenges posed by Nipah virus, a zoonotic pathogen, focusing on its diverse strains, recurrent outbreaks, diagnostic limitations, and the need for therapeutic advancements.

Emerging threat: Nipah virus - A call for global preparedness and vigilance

2024 - New Microbes and New Infections

The paper discusses the emergence of Nipah virus as a global public health threat, with recent outbreaks in Bangladesh raising concerns. There is currently no specific therapeutic intervention for infected individuals.

Infectious disease and economics: The case for considering multi-sectoral impacts

2019 - One Health

This paper argues for considering the wider socioeconomic consequences of infectious disease events beyond traditional public health sectors.

Assessing the feasibility of Nipah vaccine effliciency trials based on previous outbreaks in Bangladesh

2021 - Vaccine

This paper investigates the feasibility of conducting a phase III Nipah vaccine trial in Bangladesh using simulations based on previous outbreaks.

A systematic review of case reports on mortality, modes of infection, diagnostic tests, and treatments for Nipah virus infection

2024 - Medicine®

This paper conducts a systematic review of case reports on Nipah virus infection to examine geographic distribution, mortality, transmission pathways, and available methods for diagnosis and treatment.

Nipah Virus: A Zoonotic Threat Re-Emerging in the Wake of Global Public Health Challenges

2025 - Microorganisms

This paper explores the re-emergence of the Nipah virus in Kerala, India, highlighting its critical concern for health authorities due to high fatality rates and lack of vaccine or curative treatment.

Nipah virus: a potential pandemic agent in the context of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic

2021 - Elsevier Ltd.

This paper speculates that the Nipah virus, similar to SARS-CoV-2, could potentially cause a pandemic if not adequately researched due to its high death rate despite causing a low number of infections.

Piloting the promotion of bamboo skirt barriers to prevent Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap in Bangladesh

2014 - Glob Health Promot

The study explores the effectiveness of promoting bamboo skirt preparation and use among sap harvesters in Bangladesh to prevent Nipah virus transmission through date palm sap.

Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic

2024 - Pathogens

This paper discusses Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a case fatality rate of up to 75%. The authors emphasize the need for research on these viruses due to their extreme pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of established antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.

Henipaviruses—A constant threat to livestock and humans

2022 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

This review highlights the risk of infections with henipaviruses to both livestock and humans, providing a comprehensive overview of documented outbreaks, their impact on the economy and health systems.

Tackling a global epidemic threat: Nipah surveillance in Bangladesh, 2006–2021

2023 - PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases

This research paper discusses a hospital-based Nipah sentinel surveillance in Bangladesh that has been ongoing since 2006 to promptly detect Nipah cases and respond to outbreaks.

Saliva: An Overlooked yet Critical Diagnostic Tool in Detection of Nipah Virus

2024 - Not specified (Letter to Editor)

This paper emphasizes the importance of saliva samples as a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic tool for Nipah virus detection, enabling earlier detection and intervention.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Risk Perception, Preparedness and Vaccine Intent of Health Care Providers towards the Nipah Virus in South India

2022 - Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease

This paper assesses the knowledge, attitudes, and risk perception of Nipah Virus (NVD) among healthcare providers in South India. The study found that while most participants were aware of NiV symptoms and primary reservoirs, knowledge gaps existed regarding transmission factors and institutional protocols.

Nipah Virus: An Overview of the Current Status of Diagnostics and Their Role in Preparedness in Endemic Countries

2023 - Viruses

This paper provides an overview of the current status of diagnostics for Nipah virus (NiV), a high mortality rate zoonosis. Early diagnosis is crucial to limit outbreaks and provide appropriate care. qRT-PCR is currently considered optimal for acute NiV infection assessment, with different sensitivities depending on the platform used.

Nipah Virus: A Multidimensional Update

2024 - Viruses

This paper provides an update on Nipah virus (NiV), a high mortality zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for numerous outbreaks in South and South-East Asia. Human infection manifests as encephalitis with high mortality rates, and no therapeutic agents or vaccines have been approved for human use.

Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses: Evolution, Ecology, and Public Health Strategies in a Changing World

2024 - Not specified in the provided text

This paper reviews current knowledge on emerging zoonotic paramyxoviruses, focusing on recently discovered viruses and their potential to cause future epidemics. It explores host-switching events, viral replication strategies, immune evasion tactics, ecological factors influencing virus emergence, public health impact, and the need for enhanced surveillance, improved diagnostic tools, and proactive strategies.

Risk of Nipah Virus Seroprevalence in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2025 - Academic Editors: Marc Jamin, Glenn Marsh and Jennifer Barr

This paper is a systematic review with meta-analysis on Nipah virus infections occurring in healthcare workers, estimating seroprevalence and case fatality ratio.

Zika, Nipah and Kala-azar: Emerging lethal infectious diseases amid COVID-19 as an escalating public health threat in South India

2022 - Annals of Medicine and Surgery

This paper discusses the challenges presented by the intersecting outbreaks of Zika, Nipah, and Kala-azar in India amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, and provides recommendations to help alleviate the situation.

Highly sensitive and quantitative HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles: A platform for rapid antibody neutralization studies

2024 - Heliyon

This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.

Structural and functional analysis of the Nipah virus polymerase complex

2025 - Cell

The paper determines the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Nipah virus polymerase complex and performs structural, biophysical, and functional analyses to understand features critical for RNA replication and transcription. The findings could aid in the development of antivirals.

Prophylactic protection from lethal henipavirus disease mediated by Nipah-derived defective interfering particles is influenced by challenge virus strain and viral species

2025 - eBioMedicine

The paper explores the effectiveness of defective interfering particles (DIPs) in reducing clinical signs and lethality of henipavirus infection in Syrian hamsters.

Co-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants and host immune response trajectories underlie COVID-19 pandemic to epidemic transition

2023 - iScience

The study investigates the differential host-immune kinetics associated with SARS-CoV-2 variants during different time periods of Pre-VOC and VOCs (Delta & Omicron). The findings suggest that Omicron infection is marked by a robust type 1 interferon response, which was largely missing during Pre-VOC and Delta waves. The study highlights the eventual adaptation of host to immune activation patterns that interrupt virus evolution with enhanced immune-evasion mutations and counteraction mechanisms.

Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases

2015 - Virus Research

This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.