Zoonotic Ecology and Spillover Dynamics
Zoonotic Ecology and Spillover Dynamics
2024 - The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia
This paper discusses strategies to improve the clinical care for patients in Nipah outbreaks, focusing on enhancing early case detection, optimizing supportive care, adopting a syndromic approach, and exploring innovative trial designs. The goal is to better equip healthcare systems in Nipah-endemic regions to manage current and future outbreaks.
2023 - New Microbes and New Infections
This paper calls for vigilance, collaboration, and preparedness to address the recurrent Nipah Virus outbreaks in Kerala, India.
2024 - Heliyon
This paper synthesizes HiBiT-tagged Nipah virus-like particles for in vitro BSL-2 handling and rapid antibody neutralization studies.
2004 - None
This paper discusses a study conducted in Thailand to survey for Nipah virus (NV) in the bat population. NV antibodies were detected in 82 of 1304 bats, and NV RNA was found in bat saliva and urine, suggesting persistent infection.
2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases
The paper isolates and characterizes Nipah virus (NiV) from Pteropus vampyrus bats, the suspected reservoir for a 1998 outbreak in Malaysia. The study provides evidence of viral recrudescence and shows that these bats can harbor latent infections.
2021 - Journal of Infection and Public Health
A cross-sectional survey was initiated to study the prevalence of Nipah virus in bats of India by random sampling. During March 2020, two species of bats were trapped and tested for the presence of Nipah virus.
2025 - Journal of Infection and Public Health
The paper discusses Nipah virus transmission in Bangladesh through raw date palm sap consumption, and the challenges in achieving sustainable change due to deep-seated cultural practices. Future efforts should focus on community-led solutions and behavior change communication.
2010 - EcoHealth
This paper studies the long-distance movements of three species of fruit bats (Pteropus alecto, P. vampyrus, and P. neohibernicus) to determine their potential to transfer zoonotic viruses between countries in Australia, Asia, and surrounding islands.
2023 - EcoHealth
The paper describes the frequency of human exposure to bats, rodents, and monkeys in Bangladesh and identifies geographic and seasonal variations. The study was conducted in a nationally representative sample of households from 1001 communities between 2013-2016.
2021 - BMC Infectious Diseases
This research paper investigates the presence of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius bats in Kerala, India, following a reported outbreak in June 2019. The study used specialized techniques like real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to test bat samples.
2025 - BMC Veterinary Research
The paper describes a study that investigated the presence of henipaviruses in fruit bats and rodents in Cameroon using serological and molecular analysis. The study found that 3.6% of bat samples had Henipavirus-specific antibodies but no RNA sequences were detected.
2021 - VirusDis.
This paper reviews the role of bats as a reservoir for various viruses including Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Hantavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and emerging viruses like Sosuga virus, Menangle, and Tioman virus. It discusses the evolution of these viruses in bats and their transmission to new hosts.
2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases
This study investigates three clusters of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh between 2011 and 2014, finding a potential link between drinking fermented date palm sap (tari) and the transmission of the virus.
2024 - Not specified in text
The paper reports investigations at bat roosts near human Nipah cases in Bangladesh from 2012-2019. Nipah RNA was detected in urine samples from 7 out of 23 roosts, and it was detected up to 52 days after a presumed exposure of the human casepatient.
2024 - Emerging Infectious Diseases
This study detected Nipah virus antibodies in cattle, dogs, and cats from six sites where spillover human Nipah infection cases occurred in Bangladesh between 2013 and 2015.
2024 - Research Letters
The paper reports the detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus hypomelanus bats in Central Java, Indonesia, indicating a potential risk for human transmission.
2024 - RESEARCH LETTERS
This research letter reports the detection of Nipah virus antibodies in bats in the Philippines from 2013 to 2022.
2020 - Movement Ecology
This paper evaluates the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia using GPS data.
2021 - Indian J Med Res
This paper discusses the threats posed by increased human-animal interfaces to human life due to the emergence of zoonotic diseases, using examples like SARS, influenza A/H1N1(09) pdm; MERS; Nipah virus disease; Ebola haemorrhagic fever and COVID-19. It emphasizes the need for multi-sectoral efforts, policy-level adaptation, wildlife protection, community empowerment, and regulation on wildlife products to ensure comprehensive one health practice.
2025 - Microbial Biotechnology
This paper discusses the role of bats as pivotal sources for viral zoonosis, providing examples such as Nipah virus transmission in Malaysia and Marburg virus transmission in Africa.
2023 - Mammal Review
The paper discusses the potential of community science and social media to expand understanding of pet-wildlife interactions, using bat–cat data from iNaturalist as a case in point.
2024 - Clinical Microbiology and Infection
This paper reviews the profiles of zoonotic viruses carried by bats across various regions globally, providing a foundation for future research on monitoring zoonotic viruses in diverse global regions and bat species.
2024 - Review
This paper reviews 53 infectious diseases in terrestrial animals and suggests that international efforts should focus on Nipah virus infection, African swine fever, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, peste des petits ruminants, sheeppox and goatpox, avian influenza, Rift Valley fever, foot and mouth disease, and bovine tuberculosis for the greatest impact on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.
2015 - Epidemiol. Infect.
The paper assesses the risk of Nipah virus establishing in Australian flying-foxes through their movements from nearby regions, using a qualitative risk assessment and expert opinion workshop.
2023 - Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
This paper describes the distribution of potentially zoonotic bacterial genera in bats using published presence-absence data.
2025 - Emerging Microbes & Infections
This paper identifies wildlife bat hosts of Nipah virus by conducting monthly serological surveillance across Luzon, Philippines and finds a 13.92% NiV seroprevalence in native flying foxes.
2024 - Journal not specified in the text
This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis analyzing data on bat-originated viral zoonotic diseases in Asia and Africa, focusing on their respiratory cellular tropism, susceptibility, and overall likelihood of causing pandemics.
2022 - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
A study conducted serosurvey for Nipah virus in bat populations across southern India (Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Puducherry, and Odisha) between January and November 2019. The survey found that 20% of Pteropus medius bats tested positive for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies but no virus was detected.
2022 - Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
This paper reports a serosurvey for Nipah virus among bat populations in southern India, which detected anti-Nipah IgG antibodies in 20% of Pteropus medius bats.
2023 - Frontiers in Microbiology
This paper reviews the outbreaks, animal hosts, and potential new emergence of Henipavirus zoonotic pathogens (Hendra virus and Nipah virus) causing severe neurological and respiratory disease.
2024 - Frontiers in Microbiology
This paper reports a cross-sectional study on the Pteropus medius bat population in Kerala, India, to determine Nipah virus (NiV) presence through testing throat swabs, rectal swabs, organ samples, and serum samples. The research found an overall seroprevalence of 20.9% in 272 bats tested, with 4 out of 44 bats testing positive for NiV in their liver/spleen samples.
2023 - Front. Public Health
This paper presents serological evidence of virus infection in Eidolon helvum fruit bats, implying potential risks associated with bushmeat consumption in Nigeria.
2022 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
This research investigates the impact of forest degradation on infectious disease outbreaks in Wayanad district, Kerala, India. The study analyzed land use and land cover change from 1950 to 2018, and employed GIS tools, remote sensing data, extensive field work, and disease data to discover the relationship between LULCC and disease outbreak.
2015 - Virus Research
This paper discusses how bats are reservoirs for several severe emerging infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, Nipah virus, and Hendra virus.
2024 - Microbial Genomics
Researchers discovered and characterized novel paramyxoviruses in small mammals from Hubei Province, Central China. Most of these viruses belong to the genus Jeilongvirus.
2021 - Microorganisms
This paper applies unbiased metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to decipher the virosphere of bat species in Guinea, with a focus on understanding the origins of zoonotic infectious diseases including Nipah virus.
2022 - Ecohealth
This paper constructs risk maps for Nipah virus (NiV) spillover and transmission in Thailand by combining ecological niche models for the bat reservoir with spatial data related to NiV transmission sources. The study predicts that due to climate change, the range of Lyle’s flying fox, a significant host of NiV in mainland Southeast Asia, is predicted to expand.
2025 - Antiviral Res
The study investigates the effect of dexamethasone on Nipah virus-infected Syrian hamsters, finding that while it reduces pulmonary pathology, it does not increase survival.
2011 - Epidemiol Infect
This study aimed to describe the transmission dynamics and serological patterns of Nipah virus in Pteropus vampyrus bats over a 1-year period. The findings suggest that NiV circulates in wild bat populations, antibody could be maintained for long periods, maternal antibodies against NiV are transmitted passively, and NiV was isolated from the urine of one bat.
2022 - Pathogens
This paper reviews how human activities like deforestation, wildlife contact, pollution, and disorderly agricultural practices contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases.
2020 - Not specified in the text
This paper characterizes spatiotemporal patterns of Nipah virus dynamics in its wildlife reservoir, Pteropus medius bats, in Bangladesh.
2013 - PLoS ONE
This paper reports the detection of Nipah virus genome in Pteropus vampyrus fruit bats in Sumatera, Indonesia using real time PCR.
2014 - PLoS ONE
This paper investigates the relationship between flying-fox species density and reported Hendra virus infection in horses in Eastern Australia, identifying P. alecto and P. conspicillatus as likely sources of infection.
2025 - PLoS Pathog
This paper analyzes the infectome (collection of viral, bacterial and eukaryotic microorganisms) in bat kidneys from Yunnan province, China and finds novel henipaviruses related to Hendra and Nipah viruses.
2021 - Viruses
The paper investigates the factors driving Nipah virus spillover in Bangladesh by analyzing the relationship between spillover events and climatic conditions, bat roost sizes, and land-use change over the last 300 years. It finds that winter temperature explains 53% of annual winter spillovers and suggests a shift in bat roosting behavior promoting viral spillover.
2022 - Viruses
The paper investigates the potential association between climate factors and anomalies, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and land surface temperature anomalies, and the emergence and spillover events of bat-borne viral diseases in humans and livestock in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula.
2023 - Humans. Viruses
This paper reviews key host-pathogen interactions influencing zoonotic spillover potential and transmission in humans, with a focus on the Nipah virus and Ebola virus.
2023 - Viruses
This review focuses on the recent detection of novel unclassified henipaviruses with a strong emphasis on the shrew and its emerging role as a key host.
2025 - Viruses
This paper highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of zoonotic viral diseases in pigs in India, focusing on key viruses like Japanese encephalitis virus, Nipah virus, swine influenza, and others.
2025 - Viruses
A novel Parahenipavirus, Parahenipavirus_GH, was discovered in shrews in South Korea, expanding the known geographical distribution range of parahenipaviruses.
2025 - Viruses
This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and pathogenesis of Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), discussing molecular and serological diagnostic tools for their identification.